.. _engines-dev:

===============
Engine Overview
===============

.. contents::
   :depth: 3
   :local:
   :backlinks: entry

.. _metasearch-engine: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metasearch_engine

.. sidebar:: Further reading ..

   - :ref:`configured engines`
   - :ref:`settings engine`

SearXNG is a metasearch-engine_, so it uses different search engines to provide
better results.

Because there is no general search API which could be used for every search
engine, an adapter has to be built between SearXNG and the external search
engines.  Adapters are stored under the folder :origin:`searx/engines`.

.. _general engine configuration:

General Engine Configuration
============================

It is required to tell SearXNG the type of results the engine provides. The
arguments can be set in the engine file or in the settings file (normally
``settings.yml``). The arguments in the settings file override the ones in the
engine file.

It does not matter if an option is stored in the engine file or in the settings.
However, the standard way is the following:

.. _engine file:

Engine File
-----------

.. table:: Common options in the engine module
   :width: 100%

   ======================= =========== ========================================================
   argument                type        information
   ======================= =========== ========================================================
   categories              list        categories, in which the engine is working
   paging                  boolean     support multiple pages
   time_range_support      boolean     support search time range
   engine_type             str         - ``online`` :ref:`[ref] <online engines>` by
                                         default, other possibles values are:
                                       - ``offline`` :ref:`[ref] <offline engines>`
                                       - ``online_dictionary`` :ref:`[ref] <online dictionary>`
                                       - ``online_currency`` :ref:`[ref] <online currency>`
                                       - ``online_url_search`` :ref:`[ref] <online url search>`
   ======================= =========== ========================================================

.. _engine settings:

Engine ``settings.yml``
-----------------------

For a more  detailed description, see :ref:`settings engine` in the :ref:`settings.yml`.

.. table:: Common options in the engine setup (``settings.yml``)
   :width: 100%

   ======================= =========== ==================================================
   argument                type        information
   ======================= =========== ==================================================
   name                    string      name of search-engine
   engine                  string      name of searxng-engine (file name without ``.py``)
   enable_http             bool        enable HTTP (by default only HTTPS is enabled).
   shortcut                string      shortcut of search-engine
   timeout                 string      specific timeout for search-engine
   display_error_messages  boolean     display error messages on the web UI
   proxies                 dict        set proxies for a specific engine
                                       (e.g. ``proxies : {http: socks5://proxy:port,
                                       https: socks5://proxy:port}``)
   ======================= =========== ==================================================

.. _engine overrides:

Overrides
---------

A few of the options have default values in the namespace of the engine's python
module, but are often overwritten by the settings.  If ``None`` is assigned to an
option in the engine file, it has to be redefined in the settings, otherwise
SearXNG will not start with that engine (global names with a leading underline can
be ``None``).

Here is an very simple example of the global names in the namespace of engine's
module:

.. code:: python

   # engine dependent config
   categories = ['general']
   paging = True
   _non_overwritten_global = 'foo'


.. table:: The naming of overrides is arbitrary / recommended overrides are:
   :width: 100%

   ======================= =========== ===========================================
   argument                type        information
   ======================= =========== ===========================================
   base_url                string      base-url, can be overwritten to use same
                                       engine on other URL
   number_of_results       int         maximum number of results per request
   language                string      ISO code of language and country like en_US
   api_key                 string      api-key if required by engine
   ======================= =========== ===========================================

.. _engine request:

Making a Request
================

To perform a search an URL have to be specified.  In addition to specifying an
URL, arguments can be passed to the query.

.. _engine request arguments:

Passed Arguments (request)
--------------------------

These arguments can be used to construct the search query.  Furthermore,
parameters with default value can be redefined for special purposes.

.. _engine request online:

.. table:: If the ``engine_type`` is :py:obj:`online
           <searx.search.processors.online.OnlineProcessor.get_params>`
   :width: 100%

   ====================== ============== ========================================================================
   argument               type           default-value, information
   ====================== ============== ========================================================================
   url                    str            ``''``
   method                 str            ``'GET'``
   headers                set            ``{}``
   data                   set            ``{}``
   cookies                set            ``{}``
   verify                 bool           ``True``
   headers.User-Agent     str            a random User-Agent
   category               str            current category, like ``'general'``
   safesearch             int            ``0``, between ``0`` and ``2`` (normal, moderate, strict)
   time_range             Optional[str]  ``None``, can be ``day``, ``week``, ``month``, ``year``
   pageno                 int            current pagenumber
   searxng_locale         str            SearXNG's locale selected by user.  Specific language code like
                                         ``'en'``, ``'en-US'``, or ``'all'`` if unspecified.
   ====================== ============== ========================================================================


.. _engine request online_dictionary:

.. table:: If the ``engine_type`` is :py:obj:`online_dictionary
           <searx.search.processors.online_dictionary.OnlineDictionaryProcessor.get_params>`,
           in addition to the :ref:`online <engine request online>` arguments:
   :width: 100%

   ====================== ============== ========================================================================
   argument               type           default-value, information
   ====================== ============== ========================================================================
   from_lang              str            specific language code like ``'en_US'``
   to_lang                str            specific language code like ``'en_US'``
   query                  str            the text query without the languages
   ====================== ============== ========================================================================

.. _engine request online_currency:

.. table:: If the ``engine_type`` is :py:obj:`online_currency
           <searx.search.processors.online_currency.OnlineCurrencyProcessor.get_params>`,
           in addition to the :ref:`online <engine request online>` arguments:
   :width: 100%

   ====================== ============== ========================================================================
   argument               type           default-value, information
   ====================== ============== ========================================================================
   amount                 float          the amount to convert
   from                   str            ISO 4217 code
   to                     str            ISO 4217 code
   from_name              str            currency name
   to_name                str            currency name
   ====================== ============== ========================================================================

.. _engine request online_url_search:

.. table:: If the ``engine_type`` is :py:obj:`online_url_search
           <searx.search.processors.online_url_search.OnlineUrlSearchProcessor.get_params>`,
           in addition to the :ref:`online <engine request online>` arguments:
   :width: 100%

   ====================== ============== ========================================================================
   argument               type           default-value, information
   ====================== ============== ========================================================================
   search_url             dict           URLs from the search query:

                                         .. code:: python

                                            {
                                              'http': str,
                                              'ftp': str,
                                              'data:image': str
                                            }
   ====================== ============== ========================================================================

Specify Request
---------------

The function :py:func:`def request(query, params):
<searx.engines.demo_online.request>` always returns the ``params`` variable, the
following parameters can be used to specify a search request:

.. table::
   :width: 100%

   =================== =========== ==========================================================================
   argument            type        information
   =================== =========== ==========================================================================
   url                 str         requested url
   method              str         HTTP request method
   headers             set         HTTP header information
   data                set         HTTP data information
   cookies             set         HTTP cookies
   verify              bool        Performing SSL-Validity check
   allow_redirects     bool        Follow redirects
   max_redirects       int         maximum redirects, hard limit
   soft_max_redirects  int         maximum redirects, soft limit. Record an error but don't stop the engine
   raise_for_httperror bool        True by default: raise an exception if the HTTP code of response is >= 300
   =================== =========== ==========================================================================


.. _engine results:
.. _engine media types:

Result Types (``template``)
===========================

Each result item of an engine can be of different media-types.  Currently the
following media-types are supported.  To set another media-type as
:ref:`template default`, the parameter ``template`` must be set to the desired
type.

.. _template default:

``default``
-----------

.. table::  Parameter of the **default** media type:
   :width: 100%

   ========================= =====================================================
   result-parameter          information
   ========================= =====================================================
   url                       string, url of the result
   title                     string, title of the result
   content                   string, general result-text
   publishedDate             :py:class:`datetime.datetime`, time of publish
   ========================= =====================================================


.. _template images:

``images``
----------

.. list-table:: Parameter of the **images** media type
   :header-rows: 2
   :width: 100%

   * - result-parameter
     - Python type
     - information

   * - template
     - :py:class:`str`
     - is set to ``images.html``

   * - url
     - :py:class:`str`
     - url to the result site

   * - title
     - :py:class:`str`
     - title of the result

   * - content
     - :py:class:`str`
     - description of the image

   * - publishedDate
     - :py:class:`datetime <datetime.datetime>`
     - time of publish

   * - img_src
     - :py:class:`str`
     - url to the result image

   * - thumbnail_src
     - :py:class:`str`
     - url to a small-preview image

   * - resolution
     - :py:class:`str`
     - the resolution of the image (e.g. ``1920 x 1080`` pixel)

   * - img_format
     - :py:class:`str`
     - the format of the image (e.g. ``png``)

   * - filesize
     - :py:class:`str`
     - size of bytes in :py:obj:`human readable <searx.humanize_bytes>` notation
       (e.g. ``MB`` for 1024 \* 1024 Bytes filesize).


.. _template videos:

``videos``
----------

.. table::  Parameter of the **videos** media type:
   :width: 100%

   ========================= =====================================================
   result-parameter          information
   ------------------------- -----------------------------------------------------
   template                  is set to ``videos.html``
   ========================= =====================================================
   url                       string, url of the result
   title                     string, title of the result
   content                   *(not implemented yet)*
   publishedDate             :py:class:`datetime.datetime`, time of publish
   thumbnail                 string, url to a small-preview image
   length                    :py:class:`datetime.timedelta`, duration of result
   views                     string, view count in humanized number format
   ========================= =====================================================


.. _template torrent:

``torrent``
-----------

.. _magnetlink: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnet_URI_scheme

.. table::  Parameter of the **torrent** media type:
   :width: 100%

   ========================= =====================================================
   result-parameter          information
   ------------------------- -----------------------------------------------------
   template                  is set to ``torrent.html``
   ========================= =====================================================
   url                       string, url of the result
   title                     string, title of the result
   content                   string, general result-text
   publishedDate             :py:class:`datetime.datetime`,
                             time of publish *(not implemented yet)*
   seed                      int, number of seeder
   leech                     int, number of leecher
   filesize                  int, size of file in bytes
   files                     int, number of files
   magnetlink                string, magnetlink_ of the result
   torrentfile               string, torrentfile of the result
   ========================= =====================================================


.. _template map:

``map``
-------

.. table::  Parameter of the **map** media type:
   :width: 100%

   ========================= =====================================================
   result-parameter          information
   ------------------------- -----------------------------------------------------
   template                  is set to ``map.html``
   ========================= =====================================================
   url                       string, url of the result
   title                     string, title of the result
   content                   string, general result-text
   publishedDate             :py:class:`datetime.datetime`, time of publish
   latitude                  latitude of result (in decimal format)
   longitude                 longitude of result (in decimal format)
   boundingbox               boundingbox of result (array of 4. values
                             ``[lat-min, lat-max, lon-min, lon-max]``)
   geojson                   geojson of result (https://geojson.org/)
   osm.type                  type of osm-object (if OSM-Result)
   osm.id                    id of osm-object (if OSM-Result)
   address.name              name of object
   address.road              street name of object
   address.house_number      house number of object
   address.locality          city, place of object
   address.postcode          postcode of object
   address.country           country of object
   ========================= =====================================================


.. _template paper:

``paper``
---------

.. _BibTeX format: https://www.bibtex.com/g/bibtex-format/
.. _BibTeX field types: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BibTeX#Field_types

.. list-table:: Parameter of the **paper** media type /
                see `BibTeX field types`_ and `BibTeX format`_
   :header-rows: 2
   :width: 100%

   * - result-parameter
     - Python type
     - information

   * - template
     - :py:class:`str`
     - is set to ``paper.html``

   * - title
     - :py:class:`str`
     - title of the result

   * - content
     - :py:class:`str`
     - abstract

   * - comments
     - :py:class:`str`
     - free text display in italic below the content

   * - tags
     - :py:class:`List <list>`\ [\ :py:class:`str`\ ]
     - free tag list

   * - publishedDate
     - :py:class:`datetime <datetime.datetime>`
     - last publication date

   * - type
     - :py:class:`str`
     - short description of medium type, e.g. *book*, *pdf* or *html* ...

   * - authors
     - :py:class:`List <list>`\ [\ :py:class:`str`\ ]
     - list of authors of the work (authors with a "s")

   * - editor
     - :py:class:`str`
     - list of editors of a book

   * - publisher
     - :py:class:`str`
     - name of the publisher

   * - journal
     - :py:class:`str`
     - name of the journal or magazine the article was
       published in

   * - volume
     - :py:class:`str`
     - volume number

   * - pages
     - :py:class:`str`
     - page range where the article is

   * - number
     - :py:class:`str`
     - number of the report or the issue number for a journal article

   * - doi
     - :py:class:`str`
     - DOI number (like ``10.1038/d41586-018-07848-2``)

   * - issn
     - :py:class:`List <list>`\ [\ :py:class:`str`\ ]
     - ISSN number like ``1476-4687``

   * - isbn
     - :py:class:`List <list>`\ [\ :py:class:`str`\ ]
     - ISBN number like ``9780201896831``

   * - pdf_url
     - :py:class:`str`
     - URL to the full article, the PDF version

   * - html_url
     - :py:class:`str`
     - URL to full article, HTML version


.. _template packages:

``packages``
------------

.. list-table:: Parameter of the **packages** media type
   :header-rows: 2
   :width: 100%

   * - result-parameter
     - Python type
     - information

   * - template
     - :py:class:`str`
     - is set to ``packages.html``

   * - title
     - :py:class:`str`
     - title of the result

   * - content
     - :py:class:`str`
     - abstract

   * - package_name
     - :py:class:`str`
     - the name of the package

   * - version
     - :py:class:`str`
     - the current version of the package

   * - maintainer
     - :py:class:`str`
     - the maintainer or author of the project

   * - publishedDate
     - :py:class:`datetime <datetime.datetime>`
     - date of latest update or release

   * - tags
     - :py:class:`List <list>`\ [\ :py:class:`str`\ ]
     - free tag list

   * - popularity
     - :py:class:`str`
     - the popularity of the package, e.g. rating or download count

   * - license_name
     - :py:class:`str`
     - the name of the license

   * - license_url
     - :py:class:`str`
     - the web location of a license copy

   * - homepage
     - :py:class:`str`
     - the url of the project's homepage

   * - source_code_url
     - :py:class:`str`
     - the location of the project's source code

   * - links
     - :py:class:`dict`
     - additional links in the form of ``{'link_name': 'http://example.com'}``
