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Recommend/convert to use case-sensitive collation for MySQL/MSSQL (#28662)

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Mainly for MySQL/MSSQL.

It is important for Gitea to use case-sensitive database charset
collation. If the database is using a case-insensitive collation, Gitea
will show startup error/warning messages, and show the errors/warnings
on the admin panel's Self-Check page.

Make `gitea doctor convert` work for MySQL to convert the collations of
database & tables & columns.

* Fix #28131

## ⚠️ BREAKING ⚠️

It is not quite breaking, but it's highly recommended to convert the
database&table&column to a consistent and case-sensitive collation.
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wxiaoguang 2024-01-10 19:03:23 +08:00 • committed by GitHub
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8
docs/content/installation/database-preparation.en-us.md
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@ -61,10 +61,14 @@ Note: All steps below requires that the database engine of your choice is instal
Replace username and password above as appropriate.
4. Create database with UTF-8 charset and collation. Make sure to use `utf8mb4` charset instead of `utf8` as the former supports all Unicode characters (including emojis) beyond _Basic Multilingual Plane_. Also, collation chosen depending on your expected content. When in doubt, use either `unicode_ci` or `general_ci`.
4. Create database with UTF-8 charset and case-sensitive collation.
`utf8mb4_bin` is a common collation for both MySQL/MariaDB.
When Gitea starts, it will try to find a better collation (`utf8mb4_0900_as_cs` or `uca1400_as_cs`) and alter the database if it is possible.
If you would like to use other collation, you can set `[database].CHARSET_COLLATION` in the `app.ini` file.
```sql
CREATE DATABASE giteadb CHARACTER SET 'utf8mb4' COLLATE 'utf8mb4_unicode_ci';
CREATE DATABASE giteadb CHARACTER SET 'utf8mb4' COLLATE 'utf8mb4_bin';
```
Replace database name as appropriate.