releaser: Bump versions for release of 0.126.2

[ci skip]
2025-07-03 15:37:41 +00:00 · 2024-05-30 15:19:22 +00:00
2348 changed files with 47014 additions and 64829 deletions
--- a/.circleci/config.yml
+++ b/.circleci/config.yml
@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ parameters:
 defaults: &defaults
  resource_class: large
  docker:
-      - image: bepsays/ci-hugoreleaser:1.22400.20000
+      - image: bepsays/ci-hugoreleaser:1.22200.20201
 environment: &buildenv
      GOMODCACHE: /root/project/gomodcache
 version: 2
@ -14,7 +14,9 @@ jobs:
    environment: &buildenv
        GOMODCACHE: /root/project/gomodcache
    steps:
-      - setup_remote_docker
+      - &remote-docker
+        setup_remote_docker: 
+          version: 20.10.14
      - checkout: 
          path: hugo
      - &git-config
@ -58,7 +60,7 @@ jobs:
    environment:
        <<: [*buildenv]
    docker:
-    - image: bepsays/ci-hugoreleaser-linux-arm64:1.22400.20000
+    - image: bepsays/ci-hugoreleaser-linux-arm64:1.22200.20201
    steps:
      - *restore-cache
      - &attach-workspace
--- a/.github/workflows/image.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/image.yml
@ -1,49 +0,0 @@
-name: Build Docker image
-
-on:
-  release:
-    types: [published]
-  pull_request:
-permissions:
-  packages: write
-
-env:
-  REGISTRY_IMAGE: ghcr.io/gohugoio/hugo
-
-jobs:
-  build:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-
-    steps:
-      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@692973e3d937129bcbf40652eb9f2f61becf3332 # v4.1.7
-
-      - name: Docker meta
-        id: meta
-        uses: docker/metadata-action@8e5442c4ef9f78752691e2d8f8d19755c6f78e81 # v5.5.1
-        with:
-          images: ${{ env.REGISTRY_IMAGE }}
-
-      - name: Set up Docker Buildx
-        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@988b5a0280414f521da01fcc63a27aeeb4b104db # v3.6.1
-
-      - name: Login to GHCR
-        # Login is only needed when the image is pushed
-        uses: docker/login-action@9780b0c442fbb1117ed29e0efdff1e18412f7567 # v3.3.0
-        with:
-          registry: ghcr.io
-          username: ${{ github.repository_owner }}
-          password: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-
-      - name: Build and push
-        id: build
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@16ebe778df0e7752d2cfcbd924afdbbd89c1a755 # v6.6.1
-        with:
-          context: .
-          provenance: mode=max
-          sbom: true
-          push: ${{ github.event_name != 'pull_request' }}
-          platforms: linux/amd64,linux/arm64
-          tags: ${{ steps.meta.outputs.tags }}
-          labels: ${{ steps.meta.outputs.labels }}
-          build-args: HUGO_BUILD_TAGS=extended,withdeploy
--- a/.github/workflows/stale.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/stale.yml
@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ jobs:
      pull-requests: write
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
-      - uses: dessant/lock-threads@7de207be1d3ce97a9abe6ff1306222982d1ca9f9 # v5.0.1
+      - uses: dessant/lock-threads@08e671be8ac8944d0e132aa71d0ae8ccfb347675
        with:
          issue-inactive-days: 21
          add-issue-labels: 'Outdated'
@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ jobs:
            This pull request has been automatically locked since there
            has not been any recent activity after it was closed.
            Please open a new issue for related bugs.
-      - uses: actions/stale@28ca1036281a5e5922ead5184a1bbf96e5fc984e # v9.0.0
+      - uses: actions/stale@04a1828bc18ada028d85a0252a47cd2963a91abe
        with:
          operations-per-run: 999
          days-before-issue-stale: 365
--- a/.github/workflows/test.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/test.yml
@ -6,23 +6,23 @@ name: Test
 env:
  GOPROXY: https://proxy.golang.org
  GO111MODULE: on
-  SASS_VERSION: 1.80.3
-  DART_SASS_SHA_LINUX: 7c933edbad0a7d389192c5b79393485c088bd2c4398e32f5754c32af006a9ffd
-  DART_SASS_SHA_MACOS: 79e060b0e131c3bb3c16926bafc371dc33feab122bfa8c01aa337a072097967b
-  DART_SASS_SHA_WINDOWS: 0bc4708b37cd1bac4740e83ac5e3176e66b774f77fd5dd364da5b5cfc9bfb469
+  SASS_VERSION: 1.63.2
+  DART_SASS_SHA_LINUX: 3ea33c95ad5c35fda6e9a0956199eef38a398f496cfb8750e02479d7d1dd42af
+  DART_SASS_SHA_MACOS: 11c70f259836b250b44a9cb57fed70e030f21f45069b467d371685855f1eb4f0
+  DART_SASS_SHA_WINDOWS: cd8cd36a619dd8e27f93d3186c52d70eb7d69472aa6c85f5094b29693e773f64
 permissions:
  contents: read
 jobs:
  test:
    strategy:
      matrix:
-        go-version: [1.23.x, 1.24.x]
-        os: [ubuntu-latest, windows-latest] # macos disabled for now because of disk space issues.
+        go-version: [1.21.x, 1.22.x]
+        os: [ubuntu-latest, macos-latest, windows-latest]
    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
    steps:
      - if: matrix.os == 'ubuntu-latest'
        name: Free Disk Space (Ubuntu)
-        uses: jlumbroso/free-disk-space@54081f138730dfa15788a46383842cd2f914a1be # v1.3.1
+        uses: jlumbroso/free-disk-space@54081f138730dfa15788a46383842cd2f914a1be
        with:
          # this might remove tools that are actually needed,
          # if set to "true" but frees about 6 GB
@ -34,9 +34,9 @@ jobs:
          docker-images: true
          swap-storage: true
      - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@692973e3d937129bcbf40652eb9f2f61becf3332 # v4.1.7
+        uses: actions/checkout@b4ffde65f46336ab88eb53be808477a3936bae11
      - name: Install Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@0a12ed9d6a96ab950c8f026ed9f722fe0da7ef32 # v5.0.2
+        uses: actions/setup-go@0c52d547c9bc32b1aa3301fd7a9cb496313a4491
        with:
          go-version: ${{ matrix.go-version }}
          check-latest: true
@ -45,18 +45,18 @@ jobs:
            **/go.sum
            **/go.mod
      - name: Install Ruby
-        uses: ruby/setup-ruby@a6e6f86333f0a2523ece813039b8b4be04560854 # v1.190.0
+        uses: ruby/setup-ruby@5f19ec79cedfadb78ab837f95b87734d0003c899
        with:
          ruby-version: "2.7"
          bundler-cache: true #
      - name: Install Python
-        uses: actions/setup-python@39cd14951b08e74b54015e9e001cdefcf80e669f # v5.1.1
+        uses: actions/setup-python@82c7e631bb3cdc910f68e0081d67478d79c6982d
        with:
          python-version: "3.x"
      - name: Install Mage
        run: go install github.com/magefile/mage@v1.15.0
      - name: Install asciidoctor
-        uses: reitzig/actions-asciidoctor@c642db5eedd1d729bb8c92034770d0b2f769eda6 # v2.0.2
+        uses: reitzig/actions-asciidoctor@03fcc74cd74880b697950c4930c9ec8a67c69ecc
      - name: Install docutils
        run: |
          pip install docutils
@ -112,17 +112,17 @@ jobs:
          sass --version;
          mage -v check;
        env:
-          HUGO_BUILD_TAGS: extended,withdeploy
+          HUGO_BUILD_TAGS: extended
      - if: matrix.os == 'windows-latest'
        # See issue #11052. We limit the build to regular test (no -race flag) on Windows for now.
        name: Test
        run: |
          mage -v test;
        env:
-          HUGO_BUILD_TAGS: extended,withdeploy
+          HUGO_BUILD_TAGS: extended
      - name: Build tags
        run: |
-          go install -tags extended
+          go install -tags extended,nodeploy
      - if: matrix.os == 'ubuntu-latest'
        name: Build for dragonfly
        run: |
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@ -1,6 +1,3 @@

 *.test
 imports.*
-dist/
-public/
-.DS_Store 
--- a/CONTRIBUTING.md
+++ b/CONTRIBUTING.md
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
->**Note:** We would appreciate if you hold on with any big refactoring (like renaming deprecated Go packages), mainly because of potential for extra merge work for future coming in in the near future.
+>**Note:** We would apprecitate if you hold on with any big refactorings (like renaming deprecated Go packages), mainly because of potential for extra merge work for future coming in in the near future.

 # Contributing to Hugo

@ -93,7 +93,6 @@ Most title/subjects should have a lower-cased prefix with a colon and one whites
 * If this commit touches many packages without a common functional topic, prefix with `all:` (e.g. `all: Reformat Go code`)
 * If this is a documentation update, prefix with `docs:`.
 * If nothing of the above applies, just leave the prefix out.
-* Note that the above excludes nouns seen in other repositories, e.g. "chore:".

 Also, if your commit references one or more GitHub issues, always end your commit message body with *See #1234* or *Fixes #1234*.
 Replace *1234* with the GitHub issue ID. The last example will close the issue when the commit is merged into *master*.
--- a/102
+++ b/102
@ -2,98 +2,44 @@
 # Twitter:      https://twitter.com/gohugoio
 # Website:      https://gohugo.io/

-ARG GO_VERSION="1.24"
-ARG ALPINE_VERSION="3.22"
-ARG DART_SASS_VERSION="1.79.3"
+FROM golang:1.21-alpine AS build

-FROM --platform=$BUILDPLATFORM tonistiigi/xx:1.5.0 AS xx
-FROM --platform=$BUILDPLATFORM golang:${GO_VERSION}-alpine${ALPINE_VERSION} AS gobuild
-FROM golang:${GO_VERSION}-alpine${ALPINE_VERSION} AS gorun
+# Optionally set HUGO_BUILD_TAGS to "extended" or "nodeploy" when building like so:
+#   docker build --build-arg HUGO_BUILD_TAGS=extended .
+ARG HUGO_BUILD_TAGS

-
-FROM gobuild AS build
-
-RUN apk add clang lld
-
-# Set up cross-compilation helpers
-COPY --from=xx / /
-
-ARG TARGETPLATFORM
-RUN xx-apk add musl-dev gcc g++
-
-# Optionally set HUGO_BUILD_TAGS to "none" or "withdeploy" when building like so:
-# docker build --build-arg HUGO_BUILD_TAGS=withdeploy .
-#
-# We build the extended version by default.
-ARG HUGO_BUILD_TAGS="extended"
-ENV CGO_ENABLED=1
-ENV GOPROXY=https://proxy.golang.org
-ENV GOCACHE=/root/.cache/go-build
-ENV GOMODCACHE=/go/pkg/mod
-ARG TARGETPLATFORM
+ARG CGO=1
+ENV CGO_ENABLED=${CGO}
+ENV GOOS=linux
+ENV GO111MODULE=on

 WORKDIR /go/src/github.com/gohugoio/hugo

-# For  --mount=type=cache the value of target is the default cache id, so
-# for the go mod cache it would be good if we could share it with other Go images using the same setup,
-# but the go build cache needs to be per platform.
-# See this comment: https://github.com/moby/buildkit/issues/1706#issuecomment-702238282
-RUN --mount=target=. \
-    --mount=type=cache,target=/go/pkg/mod \
-    --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.cache/go-build,id=go-build-$TARGETPLATFORM <<EOT
-    set -ex
-    xx-go build -tags "$HUGO_BUILD_TAGS" -ldflags "-s -w -X github.com/gohugoio/hugo/common/hugo.vendorInfo=docker" -o /usr/bin/hugo
-    xx-verify /usr/bin/hugo
-EOT
+COPY . /go/src/github.com/gohugoio/hugo/

-# dart-sass downloads the dart-sass runtime dependency
-FROM alpine:${ALPINE_VERSION} AS dart-sass
-ARG TARGETARCH
-ARG DART_SASS_VERSION
-ARG DART_ARCH=${TARGETARCH/amd64/x64}
-WORKDIR /out
-ADD https://github.com/sass/dart-sass/releases/download/${DART_SASS_VERSION}/dart-sass-${DART_SASS_VERSION}-linux-${DART_ARCH}.tar.gz .
-RUN tar -xf dart-sass-${DART_SASS_VERSION}-linux-${DART_ARCH}.tar.gz
+# gcc/g++ are required to build SASS libraries for extended version
+RUN apk update && \
+    apk add --no-cache gcc g++ musl-dev git && \
+    go install github.com/magefile/mage

-FROM gorun AS final
+RUN mage hugo && mage install

-COPY --from=build /usr/bin/hugo /usr/bin/hugo
+# ---

-# libc6-compat  are required for extended libraries (libsass, libwebp).
-RUN apk add --no-cache \
-    libc6-compat \
-    git \
-    runuser \
-    nodejs \
-    npm
+FROM alpine:3.18

-RUN mkdir -p /var/hugo/bin /cache && \
-    addgroup -Sg 1000 hugo && \
-    adduser -Sg hugo -u 1000 -h /var/hugo hugo && \
-    chown -R hugo: /var/hugo /cache && \
-    # For the Hugo's Git integration to work.
-    runuser -u hugo -- git config --global --add safe.directory /project && \
-    # See https://github.com/gohugoio/hugo/issues/9810
-    runuser -u hugo -- git config --global core.quotepath false
+COPY --from=build /go/bin/hugo /usr/bin/hugo

-USER hugo:hugo
-VOLUME /project
-WORKDIR /project
-ENV HUGO_CACHEDIR=/cache
-ENV PATH="/var/hugo/bin:$PATH"
+# libc6-compat & libstdc++ are required for extended SASS libraries
+# ca-certificates are required to fetch outside resources (like Twitter oEmbeds)
+RUN apk update && \
+    apk add --no-cache ca-certificates libc6-compat libstdc++ git

-COPY scripts/docker/entrypoint.sh /entrypoint.sh
-COPY --from=dart-sass /out/dart-sass /var/hugo/bin/dart-sass
-
-# Update PATH to reflect the new dependencies.
-# For more complex setups, we should probably find a way to
-# delegate this to the script itself, but this will have to do for now.
-# Also, the dart-sass binary is a little special, other binaries can be put/linked
-# directly in /var/hugo/bin.
-ENV PATH="/var/hugo/bin/dart-sass:$PATH"
+VOLUME /site
+WORKDIR /site

 # Expose port for live server
 EXPOSE 1313

-ENTRYPOINT ["/entrypoint.sh"]
+ENTRYPOINT ["hugo"]
 CMD ["--help"]
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@ -5,7 +5,6 @@
 [documentation repository]: https://github.com/gohugoio/hugoDocs
 [documentation]: https://gohugo.io/documentation
 [dragonfly bsd, freebsd, netbsd, and openbsd]: https://gohugo.io/installation/bsd
-[features]: https://gohugo.io/about/features/
 [forum]: https://discourse.gohugo.io
 [friends]: https://github.com/gohugoio/hugo/graphs/contributors
 [go]: https://go.dev/
@ -20,6 +19,7 @@
 [static site generator]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Static_site_generator
 [support]: https://discourse.gohugo.io
 [themes]: https://themes.gohugo.io/
+[twitter]: https://twitter.com/gohugoio
 [website]: https://gohugo.io
 [windows]: https://gohugo.io/installation/windows

@ -52,42 +52,18 @@ Use Hugo's embedded web server during development to instantly see changes to co

 Hugo's fast asset pipelines include:

- Image processing &ndash; Convert, resize, crop, rotate, adjust colors, apply filters, overlay text and images, and extract EXIF data
- JavaScript bundling &ndash; Transpile TypeScript and JSX to JavaScript, bundle, tree shake, minify, create source maps, and perform SRI hashing.
- Sass processing &ndash; Transpile Sass to CSS, bundle, tree shake, minify, create source maps, perform SRI hashing, and integrate with PostCSS
- Tailwind CSS processing &ndash; Compile Tailwind CSS utility classes into standard CSS, bundle, tree shake, optimize, minify, perform SRI hashing, and integrate with PostCSS
+- CSS bundling &ndash; transpilation (Sass), tree shaking, minification, source maps, SRI hashing, and PostCSS integration
+- JavaScript bundling &ndash; transpilation (TypeScript, JSX), tree shaking, minification, source maps, and SRI hashing
+- Image processing &ndash; convert, resize, crop, rotate,  adjust colors, apply filters, overlay text and images, and extract EXIF data

 And with [Hugo Modules], you can share content, assets, data, translations, themes, templates, and configuration with other projects via public or private Git repositories.

-See the [features] section of the documentation for a comprehensive summary of Hugo's capabilities.
-
 ## Sponsors

 <p>&nbsp;</p>
 <p float="left">
-  <a href="https://www.linode.com/?utm_campaign=hugosponsor&utm_medium=banner&utm_source=hugogithub" target="_blank"><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/gohugoio/hugoDocs/master/assets/images/sponsors/linode-logo_standard_light_medium.png" width="200" alt="Linode"></a>
-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
-  <a href="https://www.jetbrains.com/go/?utm_source=OSS&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=hugo" target="_blank"><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/gohugoio/hugoDocs/master/assets/images/sponsors/goland.svg" width="200" alt="The complete IDE crafted for professional Go developers."></a>
-  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
-  <a href="https://pinme.eth.limo/?s=hugo" target="_blank"><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/gohugoio/hugoDocs/master/assets/images/sponsors/logo-pinme.svg" width="200" alt="PinMe."></a>
-</p>
-
-## Editions
-
-Hugo is available in three editions: standard, extended, and extended/deploy. While the standard edition provides core functionality, the extended and extended/deploy editions offer advanced features.
-
-Feature|extended edition|extended/deploy edition
-:--|:-:|:-:
-Encode to the WebP format when [processing images]. You can decode WebP images with any edition.|:heavy_check_mark:|:heavy_check_mark:
-[Transpile Sass to CSS] using the embedded LibSass transpiler. You can use the [Dart Sass] transpiler with any edition.|:heavy_check_mark:|:heavy_check_mark:
-Deploy your site directly to a Google Cloud Storage bucket, an AWS S3 bucket, or an Azure Storage container. See&nbsp;[details].|:x:|:heavy_check_mark:
-
-[dart sass]: https://gohugo.io/functions/css/sass/#dart-sass
-[processing images]: https://gohugo.io/content-management/image-processing/
-[transpile sass to css]: https://gohugo.io/functions/css/sass/
-[details]: https://gohugo.io/hosting-and-deployment/hugo-deploy/
-
-Unless your specific deployment needs require the extended/deploy edition, we recommend the extended edition.
+  <a href="https://www.linode.com/?utm_campaign=hugosponsor&utm_medium=banner&utm_source=hugogithub" target="_blank"><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/gohugoio/gohugoioTheme/master/assets/images/sponsors/linode-logo_standard_light_medium.png" width="200" alt="Linode"></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>

 ## Installation

@ -100,11 +76,15 @@ Install Hugo from a [prebuilt binary], package manager, or package repository. P

 ## Build from source

+Hugo is available in two editions: standard and extended. With the extended edition you can:
+
+- Encode to the WebP format when processing images. You can decode WebP images with either edition.
+- Transpile Sass to CSS using the embedded LibSass transpiler. The extended edition is not required to use the Dart Sass transpiler.
+
 Prerequisites to build Hugo from source:

- Standard edition: Go 1.23.0 or later
- Extended edition: Go 1.23.0 or later, and GCC
- Extended/deploy edition: Go 1.23.0 or later, and GCC
+- Standard edition: Go 1.20 or later
+- Extended edition: Go 1.20 or later, and GCC

 Build the standard edition:

@ -118,16 +98,6 @@ Build the extended edition:
 CGO_ENABLED=1 go install -tags extended github.com/gohugoio/hugo@latest
 ```

-Build the extended/deploy edition:
-
-```text
-CGO_ENABLED=1 go install -tags extended,withdeploy github.com/gohugoio/hugo@latest
-```
-
-## Star History
-
-[![Star History Chart](https://api.star-history.com/svg?repos=gohugoio/hugo&type=Timeline)](https://star-history.com/#gohugoio/hugo&Timeline)
-
 ## Documentation

 Hugo's [documentation] includes installation instructions, a quick start guide, conceptual explanations, reference information, and examples.
@ -170,113 +140,152 @@ Hugo stands on the shoulders of great open source libraries. Run `hugo env --log
 <summary>See current dependencies</summary>

 ```text
+cloud.google.com/go/compute/metadata="v0.2.3"
+cloud.google.com/go/iam="v1.1.3"
+cloud.google.com/go/storage="v1.31.0"
+cloud.google.com/go="v0.110.8"
+github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/azcore="v1.7.0"
+github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/azidentity="v1.3.0"
+github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/internal="v1.3.0"
+github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/storage/azblob="v1.1.0"
+github.com/Azure/go-autorest/autorest/to="v0.4.0"
+github.com/AzureAD/microsoft-authentication-library-for-go="v1.0.0"
 github.com/BurntSushi/locker="v0.0.0-20171006230638-a6e239ea1c69"
-github.com/PuerkitoBio/goquery="v1.10.1"
-github.com/alecthomas/chroma/v2="v2.15.0"
-github.com/andybalholm/cascadia="v1.3.3"
-github.com/armon/go-radix="v1.0.1-0.20221118154546-54df44f2176c"
+github.com/PuerkitoBio/purell="v1.1.1"
+github.com/PuerkitoBio/urlesc="v0.0.0-20170810143723-de5bf2ad4578"
+github.com/alecthomas/chroma/v2="v2.11.1"
+github.com/armon/go-radix="v1.0.0"
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/aws/protocol/eventstream="v1.4.11"
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/config="v1.18.32"
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/credentials="v1.13.31"
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/feature/ec2/imds="v1.13.7"
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/feature/s3/manager="v1.11.76"
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/internal/configsources="v1.1.37"
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/internal/endpoints/v2="v2.4.31"
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/internal/ini="v1.3.38"
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/internal/v4a="v1.1.0"
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/internal/accept-encoding="v1.9.12"
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/internal/checksum="v1.1.32"
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/internal/presigned-url="v1.9.31"
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/internal/s3shared="v1.15.0"
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/s3="v1.38.1"
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/sso="v1.13.1"
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/ssooidc="v1.15.1"
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/sts="v1.21.1"
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2="v1.20.0"
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go="v1.48.2"
+github.com/aws/smithy-go="v1.14.0"
 github.com/bep/clocks="v0.5.0"
 github.com/bep/debounce="v1.2.0"
-github.com/bep/gitmap="v1.6.0"
+github.com/bep/gitmap="v1.1.2"
 github.com/bep/goat="v0.5.0"
-github.com/bep/godartsass/v2="v2.3.2"
-github.com/bep/golibsass="v1.2.0"
+github.com/bep/godartsass/v2="v2.0.0"
+github.com/bep/godartsass="v1.2.0"
+github.com/bep/golibsass="v1.1.1"
 github.com/bep/gowebp="v0.3.0"
-github.com/bep/imagemeta="v0.8.4"
-github.com/bep/lazycache="v0.7.0"
-github.com/bep/logg="v0.4.0"
+github.com/bep/lazycache="v0.2.0"
+github.com/bep/logg="v0.3.0"
 github.com/bep/mclib="v1.20400.20402"
-github.com/bep/overlayfs="v0.9.2"
-github.com/bep/simplecobra="v0.5.0"
+github.com/bep/overlayfs="v0.6.0"
+github.com/bep/simplecobra="v0.3.2"
 github.com/bep/tmc="v0.5.1"
-github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2="v2.3.0"
 github.com/clbanning/mxj/v2="v2.7.0"
-github.com/cpuguy83/go-md2man/v2="v2.0.4"
+github.com/cli/safeexec="v1.0.1"
+github.com/cpuguy83/go-md2man/v2="v2.0.2"
 github.com/disintegration/gift="v1.2.1"
-github.com/dlclark/regexp2="v1.11.5"
-github.com/dop251/goja="v0.0.0-20250125213203-5ef83b82af17"
-github.com/evanw/esbuild="v0.24.2"
-github.com/fatih/color="v1.18.0"
+github.com/dlclark/regexp2="v1.10.0"
+github.com/dustin/go-humanize="v1.0.1"
+github.com/evanw/esbuild="v0.19.7"
+github.com/fatih/color="v1.16.0"
 github.com/frankban/quicktest="v1.14.6"
-github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify="v1.8.0"
-github.com/getkin/kin-openapi="v0.129.0"
+github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify="v1.7.0"
+github.com/getkin/kin-openapi="v0.120.0"
 github.com/ghodss/yaml="v1.0.0"
-github.com/go-openapi/jsonpointer="v0.21.0"
-github.com/go-openapi/swag="v0.23.0"
-github.com/go-sourcemap/sourcemap="v2.1.4+incompatible"
-github.com/gobuffalo/flect="v1.0.3"
+github.com/go-openapi/jsonpointer="v0.19.6"
+github.com/go-openapi/swag="v0.22.4"
+github.com/gobuffalo/flect="v1.0.2"
 github.com/gobwas/glob="v0.2.3"
 github.com/gohugoio/go-i18n/v2="v2.1.3-0.20230805085216-e63c13218d0e"
-github.com/gohugoio/hashstructure="v0.5.0"
-github.com/gohugoio/httpcache="v0.7.0"
-github.com/gohugoio/hugo-goldmark-extensions/extras="v0.2.0"
-github.com/gohugoio/hugo-goldmark-extensions/passthrough="v0.3.0"
 github.com/gohugoio/locales="v0.14.0"
 github.com/gohugoio/localescompressed="v1.0.1"
-github.com/golang/freetype="v0.0.0-20170609003504-e2365dfdc4a0"
+github.com/golang-jwt/jwt/v4="v4.5.0"
+github.com/golang/groupcache="v0.0.0-20210331224755-41bb18bfe9da"
+github.com/golang/protobuf="v1.5.3"
 github.com/google/go-cmp="v0.6.0"
-github.com/google/pprof="v0.0.0-20250208200701-d0013a598941"
-github.com/gorilla/websocket="v1.5.3"
-github.com/hairyhenderson/go-codeowners="v0.7.0"
-github.com/hashicorp/golang-lru/v2="v2.0.7"
+github.com/google/s2a-go="v0.1.7"
+github.com/google/uuid="v1.4.0"
+github.com/google/wire="v0.5.0"
+github.com/googleapis/enterprise-certificate-proxy="v0.3.2"
+github.com/googleapis/gax-go/v2="v2.12.0"
+github.com/gorilla/websocket="v1.5.1"
+github.com/hairyhenderson/go-codeowners="v0.4.0"
+github.com/hashicorp/golang-lru/v2="v2.0.1"
+github.com/invopop/yaml="v0.2.0"
 github.com/jdkato/prose="v1.2.1"
+github.com/jmespath/go-jmespath="v0.4.0"
 github.com/josharian/intern="v1.0.0"
 github.com/kr/pretty="v0.3.1"
 github.com/kr/text="v0.2.0"
-github.com/kyokomi/emoji/v2="v2.2.13"
-github.com/lucasb-eyer/go-colorful="v1.2.0"
+github.com/kylelemons/godebug="v1.1.0"
+github.com/kyokomi/emoji/v2="v2.2.12"
 github.com/mailru/easyjson="v0.7.7"
-github.com/makeworld-the-better-one/dither/v2="v2.4.0"
 github.com/marekm4/color-extractor="v1.2.1"
 github.com/mattn/go-colorable="v0.1.13"
 github.com/mattn/go-isatty="v0.0.20"
 github.com/mattn/go-runewidth="v0.0.9"
-github.com/mazznoer/csscolorparser="v0.1.5"
-github.com/mitchellh/mapstructure="v1.5.1-0.20231216201459-8508981c8b6c"
+github.com/mitchellh/hashstructure="v1.1.0"
+github.com/mitchellh/mapstructure="v1.5.0"
 github.com/mohae/deepcopy="v0.0.0-20170929034955-c48cc78d4826"
 github.com/muesli/smartcrop="v0.3.0"
 github.com/niklasfasching/go-org="v1.7.0"
-github.com/oasdiff/yaml3="v0.0.0-20241210130736-a94c01f36349"
-github.com/oasdiff/yaml="v0.0.0-20241210131133-6b86fb107d80"
 github.com/olekukonko/tablewriter="v0.0.5"
-github.com/pbnjay/memory="v0.0.0-20210728143218-7b4eea64cf58"
-github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2="v2.2.3"
+github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2="v2.1.0"
 github.com/perimeterx/marshmallow="v1.1.5"
-github.com/pkg/browser="v0.0.0-20240102092130-5ac0b6a4141c"
+github.com/pkg/browser="v0.0.0-20210911075715-681adbf594b8"
 github.com/pkg/errors="v0.9.1"
-github.com/rivo/uniseg="v0.4.7"
-github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal="v1.13.1"
+github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal="v1.11.0"
 github.com/russross/blackfriday/v2="v2.1.0"
-github.com/sass/libsass="3.6.6"
-github.com/spf13/afero="v1.11.0"
-github.com/spf13/cast="v1.7.1"
-github.com/spf13/cobra="v1.8.1"
-github.com/spf13/fsync="v0.10.1"
-github.com/spf13/pflag="v1.0.6"
-github.com/tdewolff/minify/v2="v2.20.37"
-github.com/tdewolff/parse/v2="v2.7.15"
-github.com/tetratelabs/wazero="v1.8.2"
+github.com/rwcarlsen/goexif="v0.0.0-20190401172101-9e8deecbddbd"
+github.com/sanity-io/litter="v1.5.5"
+github.com/sass/dart-sass/compiler="1.63.2"
+github.com/sass/dart-sass/implementation="1.63.2"
+github.com/sass/dart-sass/protocol="2.0.0"
+github.com/sass/libsass="3.6.5"
+github.com/spf13/afero="v1.10.0"
+github.com/spf13/cast="v1.5.1"
+github.com/spf13/cobra="v1.7.0"
+github.com/spf13/fsync="v0.9.0"
+github.com/spf13/pflag="v1.0.5"
+github.com/tdewolff/minify/v2="v2.20.7"
+github.com/tdewolff/parse/v2="v2.7.5"
 github.com/webmproject/libwebp="v1.3.2"
-github.com/yuin/goldmark-emoji="v1.0.4"
-github.com/yuin/goldmark="v1.7.8"
+github.com/yuin/goldmark-emoji="v1.0.2"
+github.com/yuin/goldmark="v1.6.0"
+go.opencensus.io="v0.24.0"
+go.uber.org/atomic="v1.11.0"
 go.uber.org/automaxprocs="v1.5.3"
-golang.org/x/crypto="v0.33.0"
-golang.org/x/exp="v0.0.0-20250210185358-939b2ce775ac"
-golang.org/x/image="v0.24.0"
-golang.org/x/mod="v0.23.0"
-golang.org/x/net="v0.35.0"
-golang.org/x/sync="v0.11.0"
-golang.org/x/sys="v0.30.0"
-golang.org/x/text="v0.22.0"
-golang.org/x/tools="v0.30.0"
-golang.org/x/xerrors="v0.0.0-20240903120638-7835f813f4da"
-gonum.org/v1/plot="v0.15.0"
-google.golang.org/protobuf="v1.36.5"
+gocloud.dev="v0.34.0"
+golang.org/x/crypto="v0.15.0"
+golang.org/x/exp="v0.0.0-20221031165847-c99f073a8326"
+golang.org/x/image="v0.13.0"
+golang.org/x/mod="v0.14.0"
+golang.org/x/net="v0.18.0"
+golang.org/x/oauth2="v0.13.0"
+golang.org/x/sync="v0.5.0"
+golang.org/x/sys="v0.14.0"
+golang.org/x/text="v0.14.0"
+golang.org/x/time="v0.3.0"
+golang.org/x/tools="v0.15.0"
+golang.org/x/xerrors="v0.0.0-20220907171357-04be3eba64a2"
+google.golang.org/api="v0.151.0"
+google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api="v0.0.0-20231016165738-49dd2c1f3d0b"
+google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc="v0.0.0-20231030173426-d783a09b4405"
+google.golang.org/genproto="v0.0.0-20231016165738-49dd2c1f3d0b"
+google.golang.org/grpc="v1.59.0"
+google.golang.org/protobuf="v1.31.0"
 gopkg.in/yaml.v2="v2.4.0"
 gopkg.in/yaml.v3="v3.0.1"
-oss.terrastruct.com/d2="v0.6.9"
-oss.terrastruct.com/util-go="v0.0.0-20241005222610-44c011a04896"
-rsc.io/qr="v0.2.0"
+howett.net/plist="v1.0.0"
 software.sslmate.com/src/go-pkcs12="v0.2.0"
 ```
 </details>
--- a/bench.sh
+++ b/bench.sh
@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+# allow user to override go executable by running as GOEXE=xxx make ...
+GOEXE="${GOEXE-go}"
+
+# Convenience script to
+# - For a given branch
+# - Run  benchmark tests for a given package
+# - Do the same for master
+# - then compare the two runs with benchcmp
+
+benchFilter=".*"
+
+if (( $# < 2 ));
+  then
+    echo "USAGE: ./bench.sh <git-branch> <package-to-bench> (and <benchmark filter> (regexp, optional))"
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+
+
+if [ $# -eq 3 ]; then
+  benchFilter=$3
+fi
+
+
+BRANCH=$1
+PACKAGE=$2
+
+git checkout $BRANCH
+"${GOEXE}" test -test.run=NONE -bench="$benchFilter" -test.benchmem=true ./$PACKAGE > /tmp/bench-$PACKAGE-$BRANCH.txt
+
+git checkout master
+"${GOEXE}" test -test.run=NONE -bench="$benchFilter" -test.benchmem=true ./$PACKAGE > /tmp/bench-$PACKAGE-master.txt
+
+
+benchcmp /tmp/bench-$PACKAGE-master.txt /tmp/bench-$PACKAGE-$BRANCH.txt
--- a/benchSite.sh
+++ b/benchSite.sh
@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+# allow user to override go executable by running as GOEXE=xxx make ...
+GOEXE="${GOEXE-go}"
+
+# Send in a regexp matching the benchmarks you want to run, i.e. './benchSite.sh "YAML"'.
+# Note the quotes, which will be needed for more complex expressions.
+# The above will run all variations, but only for front matter YAML.
+
+echo "Running with BenchmarkSiteBuilding/${1}"
+
+"${GOEXE}" test -run="NONE" -bench="BenchmarkSiteBuilding/${1}" -test.benchmem=true ./hugolib -memprofile mem.prof -count 3 -cpuprofile cpu.prof
--- a/benchbep.sh
+++ b/benchbep.sh
@ -0,0 +1 @@
+gobench -package=./hugolib -bench="BenchmarkSiteNew/Deep_content_tree"
--- a/bepdock.sh
+++ b/bepdock.sh
@ -0,0 +1 @@
+docker run --rm --mount type=bind,source="$(pwd)",target=/hugo -w /hugo  -i -t bepsays/ci-goreleaser:1.11-2 /bin/bash
--- a/cache/dynacache/dynacache.go
+++ b/cache/dynacache/dynacache.go
@ -38,11 +38,6 @@ import (

 const minMaxSize = 10

-type KeyIdentity struct {
-	Key      any
-	Identity identity.Identity
-}
-
 // New creates a new cache.
 func New(opts Options) *Cache {
 	if opts.CheckInterval == 0 {
@ -69,14 +64,14 @@ func New(opts Options) *Cache {

 	infol := opts.Log.InfoCommand("dynacache")

-	evictedIdentities := collections.NewStack[KeyIdentity]()
+	evictedIdentities := collections.NewStack[identity.Identity]()

 	onEvict := func(k, v any) {
 		if !opts.Watching {
 			return
 		}
 		identity.WalkIdentitiesShallow(v, func(level int, id identity.Identity) bool {
-			evictedIdentities.Push(KeyIdentity{Key: k, Identity: id})
+			evictedIdentities.Push(id)
 			return false
 		})
 		resource.MarkStale(v)
@ -129,7 +124,7 @@ type Cache struct {
 	partitions map[string]PartitionManager

 	onEvict           func(k, v any)
-	evictedIdentities *collections.Stack[KeyIdentity]
+	evictedIdentities *collections.Stack[identity.Identity]

 	opts  Options
 	infol logg.LevelLogger
@ -140,15 +135,10 @@ type Cache struct {
 }

 // DrainEvictedIdentities drains the evicted identities from the cache.
-func (c *Cache) DrainEvictedIdentities() []KeyIdentity {
+func (c *Cache) DrainEvictedIdentities() []identity.Identity {
 	return c.evictedIdentities.Drain()
 }

-// DrainEvictedIdentitiesMatching drains the evicted identities from the cache that match the given predicate.
-func (c *Cache) DrainEvictedIdentitiesMatching(predicate func(KeyIdentity) bool) []KeyIdentity {
-	return c.evictedIdentities.DrainMatching(predicate)
-}
-
 // ClearMatching clears all partition for which the predicate returns true.
 func (c *Cache) ClearMatching(predicatePartition func(k string, p PartitionManager) bool, predicateValue func(k, v any) bool) {
 	if predicatePartition == nil {
@ -176,12 +166,11 @@ func (c *Cache) ClearMatching(predicatePartition func(k string, p PartitionManag
 }

 // ClearOnRebuild prepares the cache for a new rebuild taking the given changeset into account.
-// predicate is optional and will clear any entry for which it returns true.
-func (c *Cache) ClearOnRebuild(predicate func(k, v any) bool, changeset ...identity.Identity) {
+func (c *Cache) ClearOnRebuild(changeset ...identity.Identity) {
 	g := rungroup.Run[PartitionManager](context.Background(), rungroup.Config[PartitionManager]{
 		NumWorkers: len(c.partitions),
 		Handle: func(ctx context.Context, partition PartitionManager) error {
-			partition.clearOnRebuild(predicate, changeset...)
+			partition.clearOnRebuild(changeset...)
 			return nil
 		},
 	})
@ -431,25 +420,12 @@ func (p *Partition[K, V]) doGetOrCreateWitTimeout(key K, duration time.Duration,
 	errch := make(chan error, 1)

 	go func() {
-		var (
-			v   V
-			err error
-		)
-		defer func() {
-			if r := recover(); r != nil {
-				if rerr, ok := r.(error); ok {
-					err = rerr
-				} else {
-					err = fmt.Errorf("panic: %v", r)
-				}
-			}
+		v, _, err := p.c.GetOrCreate(key, create)
 		if err != nil {
 			errch <- err
-			} else {
-				resultch <- v
+			return
 		}
-		}()
-		v, _, err = p.c.GetOrCreate(key, create)
+		resultch <- v
 	}()

 	select {
@ -480,12 +456,7 @@ func (p *Partition[K, V]) clearMatching(predicate func(k, v any) bool) {
 	})
 }

-func (p *Partition[K, V]) clearOnRebuild(predicate func(k, v any) bool, changeset ...identity.Identity) {
-	if predicate == nil {
-		predicate = func(k, v any) bool {
-			return false
-		}
-	}
+func (p *Partition[K, V]) clearOnRebuild(changeset ...identity.Identity) {
 	opts := p.getOptions()
 	if opts.ClearWhen == ClearNever {
 		return
@ -531,7 +502,7 @@ func (p *Partition[K, V]) clearOnRebuild(predicate func(k, v any) bool, changese
 	// Second pass needs to be done in a separate loop to catch any
 	// elements marked as stale in the other partitions.
 	p.c.DeleteFunc(func(key K, v V) bool {
-		if predicate(key, v) || shouldDelete(key, v) {
+		if shouldDelete(key, v) {
 			p.trace.Log(
 				logg.StringFunc(
 					func() string {
@ -607,7 +578,7 @@ type PartitionManager interface {
 	adjustMaxSize(addend int) int
 	getMaxSize() int
 	getOptions() OptionsPartition
-	clearOnRebuild(predicate func(k, v any) bool, changeset ...identity.Identity)
+	clearOnRebuild(changeset ...identity.Identity)
 	clearMatching(predicate func(k, v any) bool)
 	clearStale()
 }
--- a/cache/dynacache/dynacache_test.go
+++ b/cache/dynacache/dynacache_test.go
@ -14,11 +14,8 @@
 package dynacache

 import (
-	"errors"
-	"fmt"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"testing"
-	"time"

 	qt "github.com/frankban/quicktest"
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/common/loggers"
@ -147,13 +144,13 @@ func TestClear(t *testing.T) {

 	c.Assert(cache.Keys(predicateAll), qt.HasLen, 4)

-	cache.ClearOnRebuild(nil)
+	cache.ClearOnRebuild()

 	// Stale items are always cleared.
 	c.Assert(cache.Keys(predicateAll), qt.HasLen, 2)

 	cache = newTestCache(t)
-	cache.ClearOnRebuild(nil, identity.StringIdentity("changed"))
+	cache.ClearOnRebuild(identity.StringIdentity("changed"))

 	c.Assert(cache.Keys(nil), qt.HasLen, 1)

@ -168,58 +165,6 @@ func TestClear(t *testing.T) {
 	cache.adjustCurrentMaxSize()
 }

-func TestPanicInCreate(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-	c := qt.New(t)
-	cache := newTestCache(t)
-
-	p1 := GetOrCreatePartition[string, testItem](cache, "/aaaa/bbbb", OptionsPartition{Weight: 30, ClearWhen: ClearOnRebuild})
-
-	willPanic := func(i int) func() {
-		return func() {
-			p1.GetOrCreate(fmt.Sprintf("panic-%d", i), func(key string) (testItem, error) {
-				panic(errors.New(key))
-			})
-		}
-	}
-
-	// GetOrCreateWitTimeout needs to recover from panics in the create func.
-	willErr := func(i int) error {
-		_, err := p1.GetOrCreateWitTimeout(fmt.Sprintf("error-%d", i), 10*time.Second, func(key string) (testItem, error) {
-			return testItem{}, errors.New(key)
-		})
-		return err
-	}
-
-	for i := range 3 {
-		for range 3 {
-			c.Assert(willPanic(i), qt.PanicMatches, fmt.Sprintf("panic-%d", i))
-			c.Assert(willErr(i), qt.ErrorMatches, fmt.Sprintf("error-%d", i))
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Test the same keys again without the panic.
-	for i := range 3 {
-		for range 3 {
-			v, err := p1.GetOrCreate(fmt.Sprintf("panic-%d", i), func(key string) (testItem, error) {
-				return testItem{
-					name: key,
-				}, nil
-			})
-			c.Assert(err, qt.IsNil)
-			c.Assert(v.name, qt.Equals, fmt.Sprintf("panic-%d", i))
-
-			v, err = p1.GetOrCreateWitTimeout(fmt.Sprintf("error-%d", i), 10*time.Second, func(key string) (testItem, error) {
-				return testItem{
-					name: key,
-				}, nil
-			})
-			c.Assert(err, qt.IsNil)
-			c.Assert(v.name, qt.Equals, fmt.Sprintf("error-%d", i))
-		}
-	}
-}
-
 func TestAdjustCurrentMaxSize(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 	c := qt.New(t)
--- a/cache/filecache/filecache.go
+++ b/cache/filecache/filecache.go
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright 2024 The Hugo Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Copyright 2018 The Hugo Authors. All rights reserved.
 //
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ import (
 	"sync"
 	"time"

-	"github.com/gohugoio/httpcache"
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/common/hugio"
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/hugofs"

@ -183,15 +182,6 @@ func (c *Cache) ReadOrCreate(id string,
 	return
 }

-// NamedLock locks the given id. The lock is released when the returned function is called.
-func (c *Cache) NamedLock(id string) func() {
-	id = cleanID(id)
-	c.nlocker.Lock(id)
-	return func() {
-		c.nlocker.Unlock(id)
-	}
-}
-
 // GetOrCreate tries to get the file with the given id from cache. If not found or expired, create will
 // be invoked and the result cached.
 // This method is protected by a named lock using the given id as identifier.
@ -228,23 +218,7 @@ func (c *Cache) GetOrCreate(id string, create func() (io.ReadCloser, error)) (It
 	var buff bytes.Buffer
 	return info,
 		hugio.ToReadCloser(&buff),
-		c.writeReader(id, io.TeeReader(r, &buff))
-}
-
-func (c *Cache) writeReader(id string, r io.Reader) error {
-	dir := filepath.Dir(id)
-	if dir != "" {
-		_ = c.Fs.MkdirAll(dir, 0o777)
-	}
-	f, err := c.Fs.Create(id)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	defer f.Close()
-
-	_, _ = io.Copy(f, r)
-
-	return nil
+		afero.WriteReader(c.Fs, id, io.TeeReader(r, &buff))
 }

 // GetOrCreateBytes is the same as GetOrCreate, but produces a byte slice.
@ -279,10 +253,9 @@ func (c *Cache) GetOrCreateBytes(id string, create func() ([]byte, error)) (Item
 		return info, b, nil
 	}

-	if err := c.writeReader(id, bytes.NewReader(b)); err != nil {
+	if err := afero.WriteReader(c.Fs, id, bytes.NewReader(b)); err != nil {
 		return info, nil, err
 	}
-
 	return info, b, nil
 }

@ -332,10 +305,18 @@ func (c *Cache) getOrRemove(id string) hugio.ReadSeekCloser {
 		return nil
 	}

-	if removed, err := c.removeIfExpired(id); err != nil || removed {
+	if c.maxAge > 0 {
+		fi, err := c.Fs.Stat(id)
+		if err != nil {
 			return nil
 		}

+		if c.isExpired(fi.ModTime()) {
+			c.Fs.Remove(id)
+			return nil
+		}
+	}
+
 	f, err := c.Fs.Open(id)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil
@ -344,49 +325,6 @@ func (c *Cache) getOrRemove(id string) hugio.ReadSeekCloser {
 	return f
 }

-func (c *Cache) getBytesAndRemoveIfExpired(id string) ([]byte, bool) {
-	if c.maxAge == 0 {
-		// No caching.
-		return nil, false
-	}
-
-	f, err := c.Fs.Open(id)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, false
-	}
-	defer f.Close()
-
-	b, err := io.ReadAll(f)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, false
-	}
-
-	removed, err := c.removeIfExpired(id)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, false
-	}
-
-	return b, removed
-}
-
-func (c *Cache) removeIfExpired(id string) (bool, error) {
-	if c.maxAge <= 0 {
-		return false, nil
-	}
-
-	fi, err := c.Fs.Stat(id)
-	if err != nil {
-		return false, err
-	}
-
-	if c.isExpired(fi.ModTime()) {
-		c.Fs.Remove(id)
-		return true, nil
-	}
-
-	return false, nil
-}
-
 func (c *Cache) isExpired(modTime time.Time) bool {
 	if c.maxAge < 0 {
 		return false
@ -460,37 +398,3 @@ func NewCaches(p *helpers.PathSpec) (Caches, error) {
 func cleanID(name string) string {
 	return strings.TrimPrefix(filepath.Clean(name), helpers.FilePathSeparator)
 }
-
-// AsHTTPCache returns an httpcache.Cache implementation for this file cache.
-// Note that none of the methods are protected by named locks, so you need to make sure
-// to do that in your own code.
-func (c *Cache) AsHTTPCache() httpcache.Cache {
-	return &httpCache{c: c}
-}
-
-type httpCache struct {
-	c *Cache
-}
-
-func (h *httpCache) Get(id string) (resp []byte, ok bool) {
-	id = cleanID(id)
-	b, removed := h.c.getBytesAndRemoveIfExpired(id)
-
-	return b, !removed
-}
-
-func (h *httpCache) Set(id string, resp []byte) {
-	if h.c.maxAge == 0 {
-		return
-	}
-
-	id = cleanID(id)
-
-	if err := h.c.writeReader(id, bytes.NewReader(resp)); err != nil {
-		panic(err)
-	}
-}
-
-func (h *httpCache) Delete(key string) {
-	h.c.Fs.Remove(key)
-}
--- a/cache/filecache/filecache_config.go
+++ b/cache/filecache/filecache_config.go
@ -46,7 +46,6 @@ const (
 	CacheKeyAssets      = "assets"
 	CacheKeyModules     = "modules"
 	CacheKeyGetResource = "getresource"
-	CacheKeyMisc        = "misc"
 )

 type Configs map[string]FileCacheConfig
@ -71,14 +70,10 @@ var defaultCacheConfigs = Configs{
 		MaxAge: -1,
 		Dir:    resourcesGenDir,
 	},
-	CacheKeyGetResource: {
+	CacheKeyGetResource: FileCacheConfig{
 		MaxAge: -1, // Never expire
 		Dir:    cacheDirProject,
 	},
-	CacheKeyMisc: {
-		MaxAge: -1,
-		Dir:    cacheDirProject,
-	},
 }

 type FileCacheConfig struct {
@ -125,11 +120,6 @@ func (f Caches) AssetsCache() *Cache {
 	return f[CacheKeyAssets]
 }

-// MiscCache gets the file cache for miscellaneous stuff.
-func (f Caches) MiscCache() *Cache {
-	return f[CacheKeyMisc]
-}
-
 // GetResourceCache gets the file cache for remote resources.
 func (f Caches) GetResourceCache() *Cache {
 	return f[CacheKeyGetResource]
--- a/cache/filecache/filecache_config_test.go
+++ b/cache/filecache/filecache_config_test.go
@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ dir = "/path/to/c4"
 	c.Assert(err, qt.IsNil)
 	fs := afero.NewMemMapFs()
 	decoded := testconfig.GetTestConfigs(fs, cfg).Base.Caches
-	c.Assert(len(decoded), qt.Equals, 7)
+	c.Assert(len(decoded), qt.Equals, 6)

 	c2 := decoded["getcsv"]
 	c.Assert(c2.MaxAge.String(), qt.Equals, "11h0m0s")
@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ dir = "/path/to/c4"
 	c.Assert(err, qt.IsNil)
 	fs := afero.NewMemMapFs()
 	decoded := testconfig.GetTestConfigs(fs, cfg).Base.Caches
-	c.Assert(len(decoded), qt.Equals, 7)
+	c.Assert(len(decoded), qt.Equals, 6)

 	for _, v := range decoded {
 		c.Assert(v.MaxAge, qt.Equals, time.Duration(0))
@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ func TestDecodeConfigDefault(t *testing.T) {

 	fs := afero.NewMemMapFs()
 	decoded := testconfig.GetTestConfigs(fs, cfg).Base.Caches
-	c.Assert(len(decoded), qt.Equals, 7)
+	c.Assert(len(decoded), qt.Equals, 6)

 	imgConfig := decoded[filecache.CacheKeyImages]
 	jsonConfig := decoded[filecache.CacheKeyGetJSON]
--- a/cache/filecache/filecache_pruner_test.go
+++ b/cache/filecache/filecache_pruner_test.go
@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ dir = ":resourceDir/_gen"
 		caches, err := filecache.NewCaches(p)
 		c.Assert(err, qt.IsNil)
 		cache := caches[name]
-		for i := range 10 {
+		for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
 			id := fmt.Sprintf("i%d", i)
 			cache.GetOrCreateBytes(id, func() ([]byte, error) {
 				return []byte("abc"), nil
@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ dir = ":resourceDir/_gen"
 		c.Assert(err, qt.IsNil)
 		c.Assert(count, qt.Equals, 5, msg)

-		for i := range 10 {
+		for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
 			id := fmt.Sprintf("i%d", i)
 			v := cache.GetString(id)
 			if i < 5 {
@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ dir = ":resourceDir/_gen"
 		c.Assert(count, qt.Equals, 4)

 		// Now only the i5 should be left.
-		for i := range 10 {
+		for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
 			id := fmt.Sprintf("i%d", i)
 			v := cache.GetString(id)
 			if i != 5 {
--- a/cache/filecache/filecache_test.go
+++ b/cache/filecache/filecache_test.go
@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ dir = ":cacheDir/c"
 		}

 		for _, ca := range []*filecache.Cache{caches.ImageCache(), caches.AssetsCache(), caches.GetJSONCache(), caches.GetCSVCache()} {
-			for range 2 {
+			for i := 0; i < 2; i++ {
 				info, r, err := ca.GetOrCreate("a", rf("abc"))
 				c.Assert(err, qt.IsNil)
 				c.Assert(r, qt.Not(qt.IsNil))
@ -193,11 +193,11 @@ dir = "/cache/c"

 	var wg sync.WaitGroup

-	for i := range 50 {
+	for i := 0; i < 50; i++ {
 		wg.Add(1)
 		go func(i int) {
 			defer wg.Done()
-			for range 20 {
+			for j := 0; j < 20; j++ {
 				ca := caches.Get(cacheName)
 				c.Assert(ca, qt.Not(qt.IsNil))
 				filename, data := filenameData(i)
--- a/cache/httpcache/httpcache.go
+++ b/cache/httpcache/httpcache.go
@ -1,229 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2024 The Hugo Authors. All rights reserved.
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-package httpcache
-
-import (
-	"encoding/json"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/gobwas/glob"
-	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/common/predicate"
-	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/config"
-	"github.com/mitchellh/mapstructure"
-)
-
-// DefaultConfig holds the default configuration for the HTTP cache.
-var DefaultConfig = Config{
-	Cache: Cache{
-		For: GlobMatcher{
-			Excludes: []string{"**"},
-		},
-	},
-	Polls: []PollConfig{
-		{
-			For: GlobMatcher{
-				Includes: []string{"**"},
-			},
-			Disable: true,
-		},
-	},
-}
-
-// Config holds the configuration for the HTTP cache.
-type Config struct {
-	// Configures the HTTP cache behavior (RFC 9111).
-	// When this is not enabled for a resource, Hugo will go straight to the file cache.
-	Cache Cache
-
-	// Polls holds a list of configurations for polling remote resources to detect changes in watch mode.
-	// This can be disabled for some resources, typically if they are known to not change.
-	Polls []PollConfig
-}
-
-type Cache struct {
-	// Enable HTTP cache behavior (RFC 9111) for these resources.
-	For GlobMatcher
-}
-
-func (c *Config) Compile() (ConfigCompiled, error) {
-	var cc ConfigCompiled
-
-	p, err := c.Cache.For.CompilePredicate()
-	if err != nil {
-		return cc, err
-	}
-
-	cc.For = p
-
-	for _, pc := range c.Polls {
-
-		p, err := pc.For.CompilePredicate()
-		if err != nil {
-			return cc, err
-		}
-
-		cc.PollConfigs = append(cc.PollConfigs, PollConfigCompiled{
-			For:    p,
-			Config: pc,
-		})
-	}
-
-	return cc, nil
-}
-
-// PollConfig holds the configuration for polling remote resources to detect changes in watch mode.
-type PollConfig struct {
-	// What remote resources to apply this configuration to.
-	For GlobMatcher
-
-	// Disable polling for this configuration.
-	Disable bool
-
-	// Low is the lower bound for the polling interval.
-	// This is the starting point when the resource has recently changed,
-	// if that resource stops changing, the polling interval will gradually increase towards High.
-	Low time.Duration
-
-	// High is the upper bound for the polling interval.
-	// This is the interval used when the resource is stable.
-	High time.Duration
-}
-
-func (c PollConfig) MarshalJSON() (b []byte, err error) {
-	// Marshal the durations as strings.
-	type Alias PollConfig
-	return json.Marshal(&struct {
-		Low  string
-		High string
-		Alias
-	}{
-		Low:   c.Low.String(),
-		High:  c.High.String(),
-		Alias: (Alias)(c),
-	})
-}
-
-type GlobMatcher struct {
-	// Excludes holds a list of glob patterns that will be excluded.
-	Excludes []string
-
-	// Includes holds a list of glob patterns that will be included.
-	Includes []string
-}
-
-func (gm GlobMatcher) IsZero() bool {
-	return len(gm.Includes) == 0 && len(gm.Excludes) == 0
-}
-
-type ConfigCompiled struct {
-	For         predicate.P[string]
-	PollConfigs []PollConfigCompiled
-}
-
-func (c *ConfigCompiled) PollConfigFor(s string) PollConfigCompiled {
-	for _, pc := range c.PollConfigs {
-		if pc.For(s) {
-			return pc
-		}
-	}
-	return PollConfigCompiled{}
-}
-
-func (c *ConfigCompiled) IsPollingDisabled() bool {
-	for _, pc := range c.PollConfigs {
-		if !pc.Config.Disable {
-			return false
-		}
-	}
-	return true
-}
-
-type PollConfigCompiled struct {
-	For    predicate.P[string]
-	Config PollConfig
-}
-
-func (p PollConfigCompiled) IsZero() bool {
-	return p.For == nil
-}
-
-func (gm *GlobMatcher) CompilePredicate() (func(string) bool, error) {
-	if gm.IsZero() {
-		panic("no includes or excludes")
-	}
-	var p predicate.P[string]
-	for _, include := range gm.Includes {
-		g, err := glob.Compile(include, '/')
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		fn := func(s string) bool {
-			return g.Match(s)
-		}
-		p = p.Or(fn)
-	}
-
-	for _, exclude := range gm.Excludes {
-		g, err := glob.Compile(exclude, '/')
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		fn := func(s string) bool {
-			return !g.Match(s)
-		}
-		p = p.And(fn)
-	}
-
-	return p, nil
-}
-
-func DecodeConfig(_ config.BaseConfig, m map[string]any) (Config, error) {
-	if len(m) == 0 {
-		return DefaultConfig, nil
-	}
-
-	var c Config
-
-	dc := &mapstructure.DecoderConfig{
-		Result:           &c,
-		DecodeHook:       mapstructure.StringToTimeDurationHookFunc(),
-		WeaklyTypedInput: true,
-	}
-
-	decoder, err := mapstructure.NewDecoder(dc)
-	if err != nil {
-		return c, err
-	}
-
-	if err := decoder.Decode(m); err != nil {
-		return c, err
-	}
-
-	if c.Cache.For.IsZero() {
-		c.Cache.For = DefaultConfig.Cache.For
-	}
-
-	for pci := range c.Polls {
-		if c.Polls[pci].For.IsZero() {
-			c.Polls[pci].For = DefaultConfig.Cache.For
-			c.Polls[pci].Disable = true
-		}
-	}
-
-	if len(c.Polls) == 0 {
-		c.Polls = DefaultConfig.Polls
-	}
-
-	return c, nil
-}
--- a/cache/httpcache/httpcache_integration_test.go
+++ b/cache/httpcache/httpcache_integration_test.go
@ -1,95 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2024 The Hugo Authors. All rights reserved.
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-package httpcache_test
-
-import (
-	"testing"
-	"time"
-
-	qt "github.com/frankban/quicktest"
-	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/hugolib"
-)
-
-func TestConfigCustom(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	files := `
-- hugo.toml --
-[httpcache]
-[httpcache.cache.for]
-includes = ["**gohugo.io**"]
-[[httpcache.polls]]
-low = "5s"
-high = "32s"
-[httpcache.polls.for]
-includes = ["**gohugo.io**"]
-		
-	
-`
-
-	b := hugolib.Test(t, files)
-
-	httpcacheConf := b.H.Configs.Base.HTTPCache
-	compiled := b.H.Configs.Base.C.HTTPCache
-
-	b.Assert(httpcacheConf.Cache.For.Includes, qt.DeepEquals, []string{"**gohugo.io**"})
-	b.Assert(httpcacheConf.Cache.For.Excludes, qt.IsNil)
-
-	pc := compiled.PollConfigFor("https://gohugo.io/foo.jpg")
-	b.Assert(pc.Config.Low, qt.Equals, 5*time.Second)
-	b.Assert(pc.Config.High, qt.Equals, 32*time.Second)
-	b.Assert(compiled.PollConfigFor("https://example.com/foo.jpg").IsZero(), qt.IsTrue)
-}
-
-func TestConfigDefault(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	files := `
-- hugo.toml --
-`
-	b := hugolib.Test(t, files)
-
-	compiled := b.H.Configs.Base.C.HTTPCache
-
-	b.Assert(compiled.For("https://gohugo.io/posts.json"), qt.IsFalse)
-	b.Assert(compiled.For("https://gohugo.io/foo.jpg"), qt.IsFalse)
-	b.Assert(compiled.PollConfigFor("https://gohugo.io/foo.jpg").Config.Disable, qt.IsTrue)
-}
-
-func TestConfigPollsOnly(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-	files := `
-- hugo.toml --
-[httpcache]
-[[httpcache.polls]]
-low = "5s"
-high = "32s"
-[httpcache.polls.for]
-includes = ["**gohugo.io**"]
-		
-	
-`
-
-	b := hugolib.Test(t, files)
-
-	compiled := b.H.Configs.Base.C.HTTPCache
-
-	b.Assert(compiled.For("https://gohugo.io/posts.json"), qt.IsFalse)
-	b.Assert(compiled.For("https://gohugo.io/foo.jpg"), qt.IsFalse)
-
-	pc := compiled.PollConfigFor("https://gohugo.io/foo.jpg")
-	b.Assert(pc.Config.Low, qt.Equals, 5*time.Second)
-	b.Assert(pc.Config.High, qt.Equals, 32*time.Second)
-	b.Assert(compiled.PollConfigFor("https://example.com/foo.jpg").IsZero(), qt.IsTrue)
-}
--- a/cache/httpcache/httpcache_test.go
+++ b/cache/httpcache/httpcache_test.go
@ -1,73 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2024 The Hugo Authors. All rights reserved.
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-package httpcache
-
-import (
-	"testing"
-
-	qt "github.com/frankban/quicktest"
-	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/config"
-)
-
-func TestGlobMatcher(t *testing.T) {
-	c := qt.New(t)
-
-	g := GlobMatcher{
-		Includes: []string{"**/*.jpg", "**.png", "**/bar/**"},
-		Excludes: []string{"**/foo.jpg", "**.css"},
-	}
-
-	p, err := g.CompilePredicate()
-	c.Assert(err, qt.IsNil)
-
-	c.Assert(p("foo.jpg"), qt.IsFalse)
-	c.Assert(p("foo.png"), qt.IsTrue)
-	c.Assert(p("foo/bar.jpg"), qt.IsTrue)
-	c.Assert(p("foo/bar.png"), qt.IsTrue)
-	c.Assert(p("foo/bar/foo.jpg"), qt.IsFalse)
-	c.Assert(p("foo/bar/foo.css"), qt.IsFalse)
-	c.Assert(p("foo.css"), qt.IsFalse)
-	c.Assert(p("foo/bar/foo.css"), qt.IsFalse)
-	c.Assert(p("foo/bar/foo.xml"), qt.IsTrue)
-}
-
-func TestDefaultConfig(t *testing.T) {
-	c := qt.New(t)
-
-	_, err := DefaultConfig.Compile()
-	c.Assert(err, qt.IsNil)
-}
-
-func TestDecodeConfigInjectsDefaultAndCompiles(t *testing.T) {
-	c := qt.New(t)
-
-	cfg, err := DecodeConfig(config.BaseConfig{}, map[string]interface{}{})
-	c.Assert(err, qt.IsNil)
-	c.Assert(cfg, qt.DeepEquals, DefaultConfig)
-
-	_, err = cfg.Compile()
-	c.Assert(err, qt.IsNil)
-
-	cfg, err = DecodeConfig(config.BaseConfig{}, map[string]any{
-		"cache": map[string]any{
-			"polls": []map[string]any{
-				{"disable": true},
-			},
-		},
-	})
-	c.Assert(err, qt.IsNil)
-
-	_, err = cfg.Compile()
-	c.Assert(err, qt.IsNil)
-}
--- a/codegen/methods.go
+++ b/codegen/methods.go
@ -26,7 +26,6 @@ import (
 	"path/filepath"
 	"reflect"
 	"regexp"
-	"slices"
 	"sort"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
@ -103,7 +102,7 @@ func (c *Inspector) MethodsFromTypes(include []reflect.Type, exclude []reflect.T
 	}

 	for _, t := range include {
-		for i := range t.NumMethod() {
+		for i := 0; i < t.NumMethod(); i++ {

 			m := t.Method(i)
 			if excludes[m.Name] || seen[m.Name] {
@ -123,7 +122,7 @@ func (c *Inspector) MethodsFromTypes(include []reflect.Type, exclude []reflect.T

 			method := Method{Owner: t, OwnerName: ownerName, Name: m.Name}

-			for i := range numIn {
+			for i := 0; i < numIn; i++ {
 				in := m.Type.In(i)

 				name, pkg := nameAndPackage(in)
@ -138,7 +137,7 @@ func (c *Inspector) MethodsFromTypes(include []reflect.Type, exclude []reflect.T
 			numOut := m.Type.NumOut()

 			if numOut > 0 {
-				for i := range numOut {
+				for i := 0; i < numOut; i++ {
 					out := m.Type.Out(i)
 					name, pkg := nameAndPackage(out)

@ -305,7 +304,7 @@ func (m Method) inOutStr() string {
 	}

 	args := make([]string, len(m.In))
-	for i := range args {
+	for i := 0; i < len(args); i++ {
 		args[i] = fmt.Sprintf("arg%d", i)
 	}
 	return "(" + strings.Join(args, ", ") + ")"
@ -317,7 +316,7 @@ func (m Method) inStr() string {
 	}

 	args := make([]string, len(m.In))
-	for i := range args {
+	for i := 0; i < len(args); i++ {
 		args[i] = fmt.Sprintf("arg%d %s", i, m.In[i])
 	}
 	return "(" + strings.Join(args, ", ") + ")"
@ -340,7 +339,7 @@ func (m Method) outStrNamed() string {
 	}

 	outs := make([]string, len(m.Out))
-	for i := range outs {
+	for i := 0; i < len(outs); i++ {
 		outs[i] = fmt.Sprintf("o%d %s", i, m.Out[i])
 	}

@ -436,7 +435,7 @@ func (m Methods) ToMarshalJSON(receiver, pkgPath string, excludes ...string) (st
 		// Exclude self
 		for i, pkgImp := range pkgImports {
 			if pkgImp == pkgPath {
-				pkgImports = slices.Delete(pkgImports, i, i+1)
+				pkgImports = append(pkgImports[:i], pkgImports[i+1:]...)
 			}
 		}
 	}
--- a/commands/commandeer.go
+++ b/commands/commandeer.go
@ -39,16 +39,15 @@ import (

 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/common/hstrings"
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/common/htime"
+	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/common/hugo"
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/common/loggers"
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/common/paths"
-	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/common/types"
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/config"
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/config/allconfig"
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/deps"
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/helpers"
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/hugofs"
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/hugolib"
-	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/identity"
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/resources/kinds"
 	"github.com/spf13/afero"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
@ -66,12 +65,6 @@ func Execute(args []string) error {
 	}
 	args = mapLegacyArgs(args)
 	cd, err := x.Execute(context.Background(), args)
-	if cd != nil {
-		if closer, ok := cd.Root.Command.(types.Closer); ok {
-			closer.Close()
-		}
-	}
-
 	if err != nil {
 		if err == errHelp {
 			cd.CobraCommand.Help()
@ -94,17 +87,11 @@ type commonConfig struct {
 	fs      *hugofs.Fs
 }

-type configKey struct {
-	counter                    int32
-	ignoreModulesDoesNotExists bool
-}
-
 // This is the root command.
 type rootCommand struct {
-	Printf  func(format string, v ...any)
-	Println func(a ...any)
-	StdOut  io.Writer
-	StdErr  io.Writer
+	Printf  func(format string, v ...interface{})
+	Println func(a ...interface{})
+	Out     io.Writer

 	logger loggers.Logger

@ -113,11 +100,8 @@ type rootCommand struct {

 	// Some, but not all commands need access to these.
 	// Some needs more than one, so keep them in a small cache.
-	commonConfigs *lazycache.Cache[configKey, *commonConfig]
-	hugoSites     *lazycache.Cache[configKey, *hugolib.HugoSites]
-
-	// changesFromBuild received from Hugo in watch mode.
-	changesFromBuild chan []identity.Identity
+	commonConfigs *lazycache.Cache[int32, *commonConfig]
+	hugoSites     *lazycache.Cache[int32, *hugolib.HugoSites]

 	commands []simplecobra.Commander

@ -141,6 +125,8 @@ type rootCommand struct {

 	logLevel string

+	verbose bool
+	debug   bool
 	quiet   bool
 	devMode bool // Hidden flag.

@ -154,18 +140,6 @@ func (r *rootCommand) isVerbose() bool {
 	return r.logger.Level() <= logg.LevelInfo
 }

-func (r *rootCommand) Close() error {
-	if r.hugoSites != nil {
-		r.hugoSites.DeleteFunc(func(key configKey, value *hugolib.HugoSites) bool {
-			if value != nil {
-				value.Close()
-			}
-			return false
-		})
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
 func (r *rootCommand) Build(cd *simplecobra.Commandeer, bcfg hugolib.BuildCfg, cfg config.Provider) (*hugolib.HugoSites, error) {
 	h, err := r.Hugo(cfg)
 	if err != nil {
@ -182,8 +156,8 @@ func (r *rootCommand) Commands() []simplecobra.Commander {
 	return r.commands
 }

-func (r *rootCommand) ConfigFromConfig(key configKey, oldConf *commonConfig) (*commonConfig, error) {
-	cc, _, err := r.commonConfigs.GetOrCreate(key, func(key configKey) (*commonConfig, error) {
+func (r *rootCommand) ConfigFromConfig(key int32, oldConf *commonConfig) (*commonConfig, error) {
+	cc, _, err := r.commonConfigs.GetOrCreate(key, func(key int32) (*commonConfig, error) {
 		fs := oldConf.fs
 		configs, err := allconfig.LoadConfig(
 			allconfig.ConfigSourceDescriptor{
@ -193,7 +167,6 @@ func (r *rootCommand) ConfigFromConfig(key configKey, oldConf *commonConfig) (*c
 				ConfigDir:   r.cfgDir,
 				Logger:      r.logger,
 				Environment: r.environment,
-				IgnoreModuleDoesNotExist: key.ignoreModulesDoesNotExists,
 			},
 		)
 		if err != nil {
@ -216,11 +189,11 @@ func (r *rootCommand) ConfigFromConfig(key configKey, oldConf *commonConfig) (*c
 	return cc, err
 }

-func (r *rootCommand) ConfigFromProvider(key configKey, cfg config.Provider) (*commonConfig, error) {
+func (r *rootCommand) ConfigFromProvider(key int32, cfg config.Provider) (*commonConfig, error) {
 	if cfg == nil {
 		panic("cfg must be set")
 	}
-	cc, _, err := r.commonConfigs.GetOrCreate(key, func(key configKey) (*commonConfig, error) {
+	cc, _, err := r.commonConfigs.GetOrCreate(key, func(key int32) (*commonConfig, error) {
 		var dir string
 		if r.source != "" {
 			dir, _ = filepath.Abs(r.source)
@ -249,7 +222,6 @@ func (r *rootCommand) ConfigFromProvider(key configKey, cfg config.Provider) (*c
 				ConfigDir:   r.cfgDir,
 				Environment: r.environment,
 				Logger:      r.logger,
-				IgnoreModuleDoesNotExist: key.ignoreModulesDoesNotExists,
 			},
 		)
 		if err != nil {
@ -331,35 +303,25 @@ func (r *rootCommand) ConfigFromProvider(key configKey, cfg config.Provider) (*c
 }

 func (r *rootCommand) HugFromConfig(conf *commonConfig) (*hugolib.HugoSites, error) {
-	k := configKey{counter: r.configVersionID.Load()}
-	h, _, err := r.hugoSites.GetOrCreate(k, func(key configKey) (*hugolib.HugoSites, error) {
-		depsCfg := r.newDepsConfig(conf)
+	h, _, err := r.hugoSites.GetOrCreate(r.configVersionID.Load(), func(key int32) (*hugolib.HugoSites, error) {
+		depsCfg := deps.DepsCfg{Configs: conf.configs, Fs: conf.fs, LogOut: r.logger.Out(), LogLevel: r.logger.Level()}
 		return hugolib.NewHugoSites(depsCfg)
 	})
 	return h, err
 }

 func (r *rootCommand) Hugo(cfg config.Provider) (*hugolib.HugoSites, error) {
-	return r.getOrCreateHugo(cfg, false)
-}
-
-func (r *rootCommand) getOrCreateHugo(cfg config.Provider, ignoreModuleDoesNotExist bool) (*hugolib.HugoSites, error) {
-	k := configKey{counter: r.configVersionID.Load(), ignoreModulesDoesNotExists: ignoreModuleDoesNotExist}
-	h, _, err := r.hugoSites.GetOrCreate(k, func(key configKey) (*hugolib.HugoSites, error) {
+	h, _, err := r.hugoSites.GetOrCreate(r.configVersionID.Load(), func(key int32) (*hugolib.HugoSites, error) {
 		conf, err := r.ConfigFromProvider(key, cfg)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
-		depsCfg := r.newDepsConfig(conf)
+		depsCfg := deps.DepsCfg{Configs: conf.configs, Fs: conf.fs, LogOut: r.logger.Out(), LogLevel: r.logger.Level()}
 		return hugolib.NewHugoSites(depsCfg)
 	})
 	return h, err
 }

-func (r *rootCommand) newDepsConfig(conf *commonConfig) deps.DepsCfg {
-	return deps.DepsCfg{Configs: conf.configs, Fs: conf.fs, StdOut: r.logger.StdOut(), StdErr: r.logger.StdErr(), LogLevel: r.logger.Level(), ChangesFromBuild: r.changesFromBuild}
-}
-
 func (r *rootCommand) Name() string {
 	return "hugo"
 }
@ -422,23 +384,21 @@ func (r *rootCommand) Run(ctx context.Context, cd *simplecobra.Commandeer, args
 }

 func (r *rootCommand) PreRun(cd, runner *simplecobra.Commandeer) error {
-	r.StdOut = os.Stdout
-	r.StdErr = os.Stderr
+	r.Out = os.Stdout
 	if r.quiet {
-		r.StdOut = io.Discard
-		r.StdErr = io.Discard
+		r.Out = io.Discard
 	}
 	// Used by mkcert (server).
-	log.SetOutput(r.StdOut)
+	log.SetOutput(r.Out)

-	r.Printf = func(format string, v ...any) {
+	r.Printf = func(format string, v ...interface{}) {
 		if !r.quiet {
-			fmt.Fprintf(r.StdOut, format, v...)
+			fmt.Fprintf(r.Out, format, v...)
 		}
 	}
-	r.Println = func(a ...any) {
+	r.Println = func(a ...interface{}) {
 		if !r.quiet {
-			fmt.Fprintln(r.StdOut, a...)
+			fmt.Fprintln(r.Out, a...)
 		}
 	}
 	_, running := runner.Command.(*serverCommand)
@ -447,16 +407,12 @@ func (r *rootCommand) PreRun(cd, runner *simplecobra.Commandeer) error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	// Set up the global logger early to allow info deprecations during config load.
-	loggers.SetGlobalLogger(r.logger)

-	r.changesFromBuild = make(chan []identity.Identity, 10)
-
-	r.commonConfigs = lazycache.New(lazycache.Options[configKey, *commonConfig]{MaxEntries: 5})
+	r.commonConfigs = lazycache.New(lazycache.Options[int32, *commonConfig]{MaxEntries: 5})
 	// We don't want to keep stale HugoSites in memory longer than needed.
-	r.hugoSites = lazycache.New(lazycache.Options[configKey, *hugolib.HugoSites]{
+	r.hugoSites = lazycache.New(lazycache.Options[int32, *hugolib.HugoSites]{
 		MaxEntries: 1,
-		OnEvict: func(key configKey, value *hugolib.HugoSites) {
+		OnEvict: func(key int32, value *hugolib.HugoSites) {
 			value.Close()
 			runtime.GC()
 		},
@ -484,21 +440,32 @@ func (r *rootCommand) createLogger(running bool) (loggers.Logger, error) {
 			default:
 				return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid log level: %q, must be one of debug, warn, info or error", r.logLevel)
 			}
+		} else {
+			if r.verbose {
+				hugo.Deprecate("--verbose", "use --logLevel info", "v0.114.0")
+				hugo.Deprecate("--verbose", "use --logLevel info", "v0.114.0")
+				level = logg.LevelInfo
+			}
+
+			if r.debug {
+				hugo.Deprecate("--debug", "use --logLevel debug", "v0.114.0")
+				level = logg.LevelDebug
+			}
 		}
 	}

 	optsLogger := loggers.Options{
 		DistinctLevel: logg.LevelWarn,
 		Level:         level,
-		StdOut:        r.StdOut,
-		StdErr:        r.StdErr,
+		Stdout:        r.Out,
+		Stderr:        r.Out,
 		StoreErrors:   running,
 	}

 	return loggers.New(optsLogger), nil
 }

-func (r *rootCommand) resetLogs() {
+func (r *rootCommand) Reset() {
 	r.logger.Reset()
 	loggers.Log().Reset()
 }
@ -509,26 +476,16 @@ func (r *rootCommand) IsTestRun() bool {
 }

 func (r *rootCommand) Init(cd *simplecobra.Commandeer) error {
-	return r.initRootCommand("", cd)
-}
-
-func (r *rootCommand) initRootCommand(subCommandName string, cd *simplecobra.Commandeer) error {
 	cmd := cd.CobraCommand
-	commandName := "hugo"
-	if subCommandName != "" {
-		commandName = subCommandName
-	}
-	cmd.Use = fmt.Sprintf("%s [flags]", commandName)
-	cmd.Short = "Build your site"
-	cmd.Long = `COMMAND_NAME is the main command, used to build your Hugo site.
+	cmd.Use = "hugo [flags]"
+	cmd.Short = "hugo builds your site"
+	cmd.Long = `hugo is the main command, used to build your Hugo site.

 Hugo is a Fast and Flexible Static Site Generator
 built with love by spf13 and friends in Go.

 Complete documentation is available at https://gohugo.io/.`

-	cmd.Long = strings.ReplaceAll(cmd.Long, "COMMAND_NAME", commandName)
-
 	// Configure persistent flags
 	cmd.PersistentFlags().StringVarP(&r.source, "source", "s", "", "filesystem path to read files relative from")
 	_ = cmd.MarkFlagDirname("source")
@ -540,7 +497,6 @@ Complete documentation is available at https://gohugo.io/.`
 	cmd.PersistentFlags().StringP("themesDir", "", "", "filesystem path to themes directory")
 	_ = cmd.MarkFlagDirname("themesDir")
 	cmd.PersistentFlags().StringP("ignoreVendorPaths", "", "", "ignores any _vendor for module paths matching the given Glob pattern")
-	cmd.PersistentFlags().BoolP("noBuildLock", "", false, "don't create .hugo_build.lock file")
 	_ = cmd.RegisterFlagCompletionFunc("ignoreVendorPaths", cobra.NoFileCompletions)
 	cmd.PersistentFlags().String("clock", "", "set the clock used by Hugo, e.g. --clock 2021-11-06T22:30:00.00+09:00")
 	_ = cmd.RegisterFlagCompletionFunc("clock", cobra.NoFileCompletions)
@ -552,6 +508,8 @@ Complete documentation is available at https://gohugo.io/.`
 	cmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&r.quiet, "quiet", false, "build in quiet mode")
 	cmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVarP(&r.renderToMemory, "renderToMemory", "M", false, "render to memory (mostly useful when running the server)")

+	cmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVarP(&r.verbose, "verbose", "v", false, "verbose output")
+	cmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVarP(&r.debug, "debug", "", false, "debug output")
 	cmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVarP(&r.devMode, "devMode", "", false, "only used for internal testing, flag hidden.")
 	cmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&r.logLevel, "logLevel", "", "log level (debug|info|warn|error)")
 	_ = cmd.RegisterFlagCompletionFunc("logLevel", cobra.FixedCompletions([]string{"debug", "info", "warn", "error"}, cobra.ShellCompDirectiveNoFileComp))
@ -596,6 +554,7 @@ func applyLocalFlagsBuild(cmd *cobra.Command, r *rootCommand) {
 	cmd.Flags().BoolVar(&r.forceSyncStatic, "forceSyncStatic", false, "copy all files when static is changed.")
 	cmd.Flags().BoolP("noTimes", "", false, "don't sync modification time of files")
 	cmd.Flags().BoolP("noChmod", "", false, "don't sync permission mode of files")
+	cmd.Flags().BoolP("noBuildLock", "", false, "don't create .hugo_build.lock file")
 	cmd.Flags().BoolP("printI18nWarnings", "", false, "print missing translations")
 	cmd.Flags().BoolP("printPathWarnings", "", false, "print warnings on duplicate target paths etc.")
 	cmd.Flags().BoolP("printUnusedTemplates", "", false, "print warnings on unused templates.")
--- a/commands/commands.go
+++ b/commands/commands.go
@ -14,8 +14,6 @@
 package commands

 import (
-	"context"
-
 	"github.com/bep/simplecobra"
 )

@ -23,7 +21,6 @@ import (
 func newExec() (*simplecobra.Exec, error) {
 	rootCmd := &rootCommand{
 		commands: []simplecobra.Commander{
-			newHugoBuildCmd(),
 			newVersionCmd(),
 			newEnvCommand(),
 			newServerCommand(),
@ -41,33 +38,3 @@ func newExec() (*simplecobra.Exec, error) {

 	return simplecobra.New(rootCmd)
 }
-
-func newHugoBuildCmd() simplecobra.Commander {
-	return &hugoBuildCommand{}
-}
-
-// hugoBuildCommand just delegates to the rootCommand.
-type hugoBuildCommand struct {
-	rootCmd *rootCommand
-}
-
-func (c *hugoBuildCommand) Commands() []simplecobra.Commander {
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (c *hugoBuildCommand) Name() string {
-	return "build"
-}
-
-func (c *hugoBuildCommand) Init(cd *simplecobra.Commandeer) error {
-	c.rootCmd = cd.Root.Command.(*rootCommand)
-	return c.rootCmd.initRootCommand("build", cd)
-}
-
-func (c *hugoBuildCommand) PreRun(cd, runner *simplecobra.Commandeer) error {
-	return c.rootCmd.PreRun(cd, runner)
-}
-
-func (c *hugoBuildCommand) Run(ctx context.Context, cd *simplecobra.Commandeer, args []string) error {
-	return c.rootCmd.Run(ctx, cd, args)
-}
--- a/commands/config.go
+++ b/commands/config.go
@ -45,7 +45,6 @@ type configCommand struct {

 	format string
 	lang   string
-	printZero bool

 	commands []simplecobra.Commander
 }
@ -59,7 +58,7 @@ func (c *configCommand) Name() string {
 }

 func (c *configCommand) Run(ctx context.Context, cd *simplecobra.Commandeer, args []string) error {
-	conf, err := c.r.ConfigFromProvider(configKey{counter: c.r.configVersionID.Load()}, flagsToCfg(cd, nil))
+	conf, err := c.r.ConfigFromProvider(c.r.configVersionID.Load(), flagsToCfg(cd, nil))
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@ -79,7 +78,7 @@ func (c *configCommand) Run(ctx context.Context, cd *simplecobra.Commandeer, arg
 	dec.SetIndent("", "  ")
 	dec.SetEscapeHTML(false)

-	if err := dec.Encode(parser.ReplacingJSONMarshaller{Value: config, KeysToLower: true, OmitEmpty: !c.printZero}); err != nil {
+	if err := dec.Encode(parser.ReplacingJSONMarshaller{Value: config, KeysToLower: true, OmitEmpty: true}); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}

@ -90,7 +89,7 @@ func (c *configCommand) Run(ctx context.Context, cd *simplecobra.Commandeer, arg
 		os.Stdout.Write(buf.Bytes())
 	default:
 		// Decode the JSON to a map[string]interface{} and then unmarshal it again to the correct format.
-		var m map[string]any
+		var m map[string]interface{}
 		if err := json.Unmarshal(buf.Bytes(), &m); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
@ -111,12 +110,11 @@ func (c *configCommand) Run(ctx context.Context, cd *simplecobra.Commandeer, arg
 func (c *configCommand) Init(cd *simplecobra.Commandeer) error {
 	c.r = cd.Root.Command.(*rootCommand)
 	cmd := cd.CobraCommand
-	cmd.Short = "Display site configuration"
-	cmd.Long = `Display site configuration, both default and custom settings.`
+	cmd.Short = "Print the site configuration"
+	cmd.Long = `Print the site configuration, both default and custom settings.`
 	cmd.Flags().StringVar(&c.format, "format", "toml", "preferred file format (toml, yaml or json)")
 	_ = cmd.RegisterFlagCompletionFunc("format", cobra.FixedCompletions([]string{"toml", "yaml", "json"}, cobra.ShellCompDirectiveNoFileComp))
 	cmd.Flags().StringVar(&c.lang, "lang", "", "the language to display config for. Defaults to the first language defined.")
-	cmd.Flags().BoolVar(&c.printZero, "printZero", false, `include config options with zero values (e.g. false, 0, "") in the output`)
 	_ = cmd.RegisterFlagCompletionFunc("lang", cobra.NoFileCompletions)
 	applyLocalFlagsBuildConfig(cmd, c.r)

@ -211,7 +209,7 @@ func (c *configMountsCommand) Name() string {

 func (c *configMountsCommand) Run(ctx context.Context, cd *simplecobra.Commandeer, args []string) error {
 	r := c.configCmd.r
-	conf, err := r.ConfigFromProvider(configKey{counter: c.r.configVersionID.Load()}, flagsToCfg(cd, nil))
+	conf, err := r.ConfigFromProvider(r.configVersionID.Load(), flagsToCfg(cd, nil))
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
--- a/commands/convert.go
+++ b/commands/convert.go
@ -105,8 +105,8 @@ func (c *convertCommand) Run(ctx context.Context, cd *simplecobra.Commandeer, ar

 func (c *convertCommand) Init(cd *simplecobra.Commandeer) error {
 	cmd := cd.CobraCommand
-	cmd.Short = "Convert front matter to another format"
-	cmd.Long = `Convert front matter to another format.
+	cmd.Short = "Convert your content to different formats"
+	cmd.Long = `Convert your content (e.g. front matter) to different formats.

 See convert's subcommands toJSON, toTOML and toYAML for more information.`

--- a/commands/deploy.go
+++ b/commands/deploy.go
@ -11,7 +11,21 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.

-//go:build withdeploy
+//go:build !nodeploy
+// +build !nodeploy
+
+// Copyright 2024 The Hugo Authors. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.

 package commands

@ -19,6 +33,7 @@ import (
 	"context"

 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/deploy"
+	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/deploy/deployconfig"

 	"github.com/bep/simplecobra"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
@ -27,8 +42,8 @@ import (
 func newDeployCommand() simplecobra.Commander {
 	return &simpleCommand{
 		name:  "deploy",
-		short: "Deploy your site to a cloud provider",
-		long: `Deploy your site to a cloud provider
+		short: "Deploy your site to a Cloud provider.",
+		long: `Deploy your site to a Cloud provider.

 See https://gohugo.io/hosting-and-deployment/hugo-deploy/ for detailed
 documentation.
@ -45,7 +60,17 @@ documentation.
 			return deployer.Deploy(ctx)
 		},
 		withc: func(cmd *cobra.Command, r *rootCommand) {
-			applyDeployFlags(cmd, r)
+			cmd.ValidArgsFunction = cobra.NoFileCompletions
+			cmd.Flags().String("target", "", "target deployment from deployments section in config file; defaults to the first one")
+			_ = cmd.RegisterFlagCompletionFunc("target", cobra.NoFileCompletions)
+			cmd.Flags().Bool("confirm", false, "ask for confirmation before making changes to the target")
+			cmd.Flags().Bool("dryRun", false, "dry run")
+			cmd.Flags().Bool("force", false, "force upload of all files")
+			cmd.Flags().Bool("invalidateCDN", deployconfig.DefaultConfig.InvalidateCDN, "invalidate the CDN cache listed in the deployment target")
+			cmd.Flags().Int("maxDeletes", deployconfig.DefaultConfig.MaxDeletes, "maximum # of files to delete, or -1 to disable")
+			_ = cmd.RegisterFlagCompletionFunc("maxDeletes", cobra.NoFileCompletions)
+			cmd.Flags().Int("workers", deployconfig.DefaultConfig.Workers, "number of workers to transfer files. defaults to 10")
+			_ = cmd.RegisterFlagCompletionFunc("workers", cobra.NoFileCompletions)
 		},
 	}
 }
--- a/commands/deploy_flags.go
+++ b/commands/deploy_flags.go
@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2024 The Hugo Authors. All rights reserved.
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-package commands
-
-import (
-	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/deploy/deployconfig"
-	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
-)
-
-func applyDeployFlags(cmd *cobra.Command, r *rootCommand) {
-	cmd.ValidArgsFunction = cobra.NoFileCompletions
-	cmd.Flags().String("target", "", "target deployment from deployments section in config file; defaults to the first one")
-	_ = cmd.RegisterFlagCompletionFunc("target", cobra.NoFileCompletions)
-	cmd.Flags().Bool("confirm", false, "ask for confirmation before making changes to the target")
-	cmd.Flags().Bool("dryRun", false, "dry run")
-	cmd.Flags().Bool("force", false, "force upload of all files")
-	cmd.Flags().Bool("invalidateCDN", deployconfig.DefaultConfig.InvalidateCDN, "invalidate the CDN cache listed in the deployment target")
-	cmd.Flags().Int("maxDeletes", deployconfig.DefaultConfig.MaxDeletes, "maximum # of files to delete, or -1 to disable")
-	_ = cmd.RegisterFlagCompletionFunc("maxDeletes", cobra.NoFileCompletions)
-	cmd.Flags().Int("workers", deployconfig.DefaultConfig.Workers, "number of workers to transfer files. defaults to 10")
-	_ = cmd.RegisterFlagCompletionFunc("workers", cobra.NoFileCompletions)
-}
--- a/commands/deploy_off.go
+++ b/commands/deploy_off.go
@ -11,7 +11,8 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.

-//go:build !withdeploy
+//go:build nodeploy
+// +build nodeploy

 // Copyright 2024 The Hugo Authors. All rights reserved.
 //
@ -30,7 +31,6 @@ package commands

 import (
 	"context"
-	"errors"

 	"github.com/bep/simplecobra"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
@ -40,10 +40,9 @@ func newDeployCommand() simplecobra.Commander {
 	return &simpleCommand{
 		name: "deploy",
 		run: func(ctx context.Context, cd *simplecobra.Commandeer, r *rootCommand, args []string) error {
-			return errors.New("deploy not supported in this version of Hugo; install a release with 'withdeploy' in the archive filename or build yourself with the 'withdeploy' build tag. Also see https://github.com/gohugoio/hugo/pull/12995")
+			return nil
 		},
 		withc: func(cmd *cobra.Command, r *rootCommand) {
-			applyDeployFlags(cmd, r)
 			cmd.Hidden = true
 		},
 	}
--- a/commands/env.go
+++ b/commands/env.go
@ -25,8 +25,8 @@ import (
 func newEnvCommand() simplecobra.Commander {
 	return &simpleCommand{
 		name:  "env",
-		short: "Display version and environment info",
-		long:  "Display version and environment info. This is useful in Hugo bug reports",
+		short: "Print Hugo version and environment info",
+		long:  "Print Hugo version and environment info. This is useful in Hugo bug reports",
 		run: func(ctx context.Context, cd *simplecobra.Commandeer, r *rootCommand, args []string) error {
 			r.Printf("%s\n", hugo.BuildVersionString())
 			r.Printf("GOOS=%q\n", runtime.GOOS)
@ -61,8 +61,8 @@ func newVersionCmd() simplecobra.Commander {
 			r.Println(hugo.BuildVersionString())
 			return nil
 		},
-		short: "Display version",
-		long:  "Display version and environment info. This is useful in Hugo bug reports.",
+		short: "Print Hugo version and environment info",
+		long:  "Print Hugo version and environment info. This is useful in Hugo bug reports.",
 		withc: func(cmd *cobra.Command, r *rootCommand) {
 			cmd.ValidArgsFunction = cobra.NoFileCompletions
 		},
--- a/commands/gen.go
+++ b/commands/gen.go
@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ import (
 	"os"
 	"path"
 	"path/filepath"
-	"slices"
 	"strings"

 	"github.com/alecthomas/chroma/v2"
@ -50,7 +49,6 @@ func newGenCommand() *genCommand {
 		highlightStyle         string
 		lineNumbersInlineStyle string
 		lineNumbersTableStyle  string
-		omitEmpty              bool
 	)

 	newChromaStyles := func() simplecobra.Commander {
@ -62,10 +60,6 @@ func newGenCommand() *genCommand {
 See https://xyproto.github.io/splash/docs/all.html for a preview of the available styles`,

 			run: func(ctx context.Context, cd *simplecobra.Commandeer, r *rootCommand, args []string) error {
-				style = strings.ToLower(style)
-				if !slices.Contains(styles.Names(), style) {
-					return fmt.Errorf("invalid style: %s", style)
-				}
 				builder := styles.Get(style).Builder()
 				if highlightStyle != "" {
 					builder.Add(chroma.LineHighlight, highlightStyle)
@ -80,17 +74,8 @@ See https://xyproto.github.io/splash/docs/all.html for a preview of the availabl
 				if err != nil {
 					return err
 				}
-
-				var formatter *html.Formatter
-				if omitEmpty {
-					formatter = html.New(html.WithClasses(true))
-				} else {
-					formatter = html.New(html.WithAllClasses(true))
-				}
-
-				w := os.Stdout
-				fmt.Fprintf(w, "/* Generated using: hugo %s */\n\n", strings.Join(os.Args[1:], " "))
-				formatter.WriteCSS(w, style)
+				formatter := html.New(html.WithAllClasses(true))
+				formatter.WriteCSS(os.Stdout, style)
 				return nil
 			},
 			withc: func(cmd *cobra.Command, r *rootCommand) {
@ -103,8 +88,6 @@ See https://xyproto.github.io/splash/docs/all.html for a preview of the availabl
 				_ = cmd.RegisterFlagCompletionFunc("lineNumbersInlineStyle", cobra.NoFileCompletions)
 				cmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&lineNumbersTableStyle, "lineNumbersTableStyle", "", `foreground and background colors for table line numbers, e.g. --lineNumbersTableStyle "#fff000 bg:#000fff"`)
 				_ = cmd.RegisterFlagCompletionFunc("lineNumbersTableStyle", cobra.NoFileCompletions)
-				cmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&omitEmpty, "omitEmpty", false, `omit empty CSS rules`)
-				_ = cmd.RegisterFlagCompletionFunc("omitEmpty", cobra.NoFileCompletions)
 			},
 		}
 	}
@ -159,7 +142,7 @@ url: %s

 		return &simpleCommand{
 			name:  "doc",
-			short: "Generate Markdown documentation for the Hugo CLI",
+			short: "Generate Markdown documentation for the Hugo CLI.",
 			long: `Generate Markdown documentation for the Hugo CLI.
 			This command is, mostly, used to create up-to-date documentation
 	of Hugo's command-line interface for https://gohugo.io/.
@ -184,13 +167,13 @@ url: %s
 				prepender := func(filename string) string {
 					name := filepath.Base(filename)
 					base := strings.TrimSuffix(name, path.Ext(name))
-					url := "/docs/reference/commands/" + strings.ToLower(base) + "/"
+					url := "/commands/" + strings.ToLower(base) + "/"
 					return fmt.Sprintf(gendocFrontmatterTemplate, strings.Replace(base, "_", " ", -1), base, url)
 				}

 				linkHandler := func(name string) string {
 					base := strings.TrimSuffix(name, path.Ext(name))
-					return "/docs/reference/commands/" + strings.ToLower(base) + "/"
+					return "/commands/" + strings.ToLower(base) + "/"
 				}
 				r.Println("Generating Hugo command-line documentation in", gendocdir, "...")
 				doc.GenMarkdownTreeCustom(cd.CobraCommand.Root(), gendocdir, prepender, linkHandler)
@ -211,7 +194,7 @@ url: %s
 	newDocsHelper := func() simplecobra.Commander {
 		return &simpleCommand{
 			name:  "docshelper",
-			short: "Generate some data files for the Hugo docs",
+			short: "Generate some data files for the Hugo docs.",

 			run: func(ctx context.Context, cd *simplecobra.Commandeer, r *rootCommand, args []string) error {
 				r.Println("Generate docs data to", docsHelperTarget)
@ -232,7 +215,7 @@ url: %s
 				}

 				// Decode the JSON to a map[string]interface{} and then unmarshal it again to the correct format.
-				var m map[string]any
+				var m map[string]interface{}
 				if err := json.Unmarshal(buf.Bytes(), &m); err != nil {
 					return err
 				}
@ -290,8 +273,7 @@ func (c *genCommand) Run(ctx context.Context, cd *simplecobra.Commandeer, args [

 func (c *genCommand) Init(cd *simplecobra.Commandeer) error {
 	cmd := cd.CobraCommand
-	cmd.Short = "Generate documentation and syntax highlighting styles"
-	cmd.Long = "Generate documentation for your project using Hugo's documentation engine, including syntax highlighting for various programming languages."
+	cmd.Short = "A collection of several useful generators."

 	cmd.RunE = nil
 	return nil
--- a/commands/hugobuilder.go
+++ b/commands/hugobuilder.go
@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ import (
 	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"

+	"github.com/bep/logg"
 	"github.com/bep/simplecobra"
 	"github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify"
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/common/herrors"
@ -42,7 +43,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/hugofs"
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/hugolib"
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/hugolib/filesystems"
-	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/identity"
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/livereload"
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/resources/page"
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/watcher"
@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ type hugoBuilder struct {

 	// Currently only set when in "fast render mode".
 	changeDetector *fileChangeDetector
-	visitedURLs    *types.EvictingQueue[string]
+	visitedURLs    *types.EvictingStringQueue

 	fullRebuildSem *semaphore.Weighted
 	debounce       func(f func())
@ -135,6 +135,10 @@ func (e *hugoBuilderErrState) wasErr() bool {
 	return e.waserr
 }

+func (c *hugoBuilder) errCount() int {
+	return c.r.logger.LoggCount(logg.LevelError) + loggers.Log().LoggCount(logg.LevelError)
+}
+
 // getDirList provides NewWatcher() with a list of directories to watch for changes.
 func (c *hugoBuilder) getDirList() ([]string, error) {
 	h, err := c.hugo()
@ -339,26 +343,6 @@ func (c *hugoBuilder) newWatcher(pollIntervalStr string, dirList ...string) (*wa
 	go func() {
 		for {
 			select {
-			case changes := <-c.r.changesFromBuild:
-				unlock, err := h.LockBuild()
-				if err != nil {
-					c.r.logger.Errorln("Failed to acquire a build lock: %s", err)
-					return
-				}
-				c.changeDetector.PrepareNew()
-				err = c.rebuildSitesForChanges(changes)
-				if err != nil {
-					c.r.logger.Errorln("Error while watching:", err)
-				}
-				if c.s != nil && c.s.doLiveReload {
-					doReload := c.changeDetector == nil || len(c.changeDetector.changed()) > 0
-					doReload = doReload || c.showErrorInBrowser && c.errState.buildErr() != nil
-					if doReload {
-						livereload.ForceRefresh()
-					}
-				}
-				unlock()
-
 			case evs := <-watcher.Events:
 				unlock, err := h.LockBuild()
 				if err != nil {
@ -366,7 +350,7 @@ func (c *hugoBuilder) newWatcher(pollIntervalStr string, dirList ...string) (*wa
 					return
 				}
 				c.handleEvents(watcher, staticSyncer, evs, configSet)
-				if c.showErrorInBrowser && c.errState.buildErr() != nil {
+				if c.showErrorInBrowser && c.errCount() > 0 {
 					// Need to reload browser to show the error
 					livereload.ForceRefresh()
 				}
@ -413,17 +397,11 @@ func (c *hugoBuilder) build() error {
 }

 func (c *hugoBuilder) buildSites(noBuildLock bool) (err error) {
-	defer func() {
-		c.errState.setBuildErr(err)
-	}()
-
-	var h *hugolib.HugoSites
-	h, err = c.hugo()
+	h, err := c.hugo()
 	if err != nil {
-		return
+		return err
 	}
-	err = h.Build(hugolib.BuildCfg{NoBuildLock: noBuildLock})
-	return
+	return h.Build(hugolib.BuildCfg{NoBuildLock: noBuildLock})
 }

 func (c *hugoBuilder) copyStatic() (map[string]uint64, error) {
@ -619,9 +597,6 @@ func (c *hugoBuilder) fullRebuild(changeType string) {
 			// Set the processing on pause until the state is recovered.
 			c.errState.setPaused(true)
 			c.handleBuildErr(err, "Failed to reload config")
-			if c.s.doLiveReload {
-				livereload.ForceRefresh()
-			}
 		} else {
 			c.errState.setPaused(false)
 		}
@ -663,20 +638,7 @@ func (c *hugoBuilder) handleEvents(watcher *watcher.Batcher,
 	var n int
 	for _, ev := range evs {
 		keep := true
-		// Write and rename operations are often followed by CHMOD.
-		// There may be valid use cases for rebuilding the site on CHMOD,
-		// but that will require more complex logic than this simple conditional.
-		// On OS X this seems to be related to Spotlight, see:
-		// https://github.com/go-fsnotify/fsnotify/issues/15
-		// A workaround is to put your site(s) on the Spotlight exception list,
-		// but that may be a little mysterious for most end users.
-		// So, for now, we skip reload on CHMOD.
-		// We do have to check for WRITE though. On slower laptops a Chmod
-		// could be aggregated with other important events, and we still want
-		// to rebuild on those
-		if ev.Op == fsnotify.Chmod {
-			keep = false
-		} else if ev.Has(fsnotify.Create) || ev.Has(fsnotify.Write) {
+		if ev.Has(fsnotify.Create) || ev.Has(fsnotify.Write) {
 			if _, err := os.Stat(ev.Name); err != nil {
 				keep = false
 			}
@ -760,20 +722,6 @@ func (c *hugoBuilder) handleEvents(watcher *watcher.Batcher,
 	staticEvents := []fsnotify.Event{}
 	dynamicEvents := []fsnotify.Event{}

-	filterDuplicateEvents := func(evs []fsnotify.Event) []fsnotify.Event {
-		seen := make(map[string]bool)
-		var n int
-		for _, ev := range evs {
-			if seen[ev.Name] {
-				continue
-			}
-			seen[ev.Name] = true
-			evs[n] = ev
-			n++
-		}
-		return evs[:n]
-	}
-
 	h, err := c.hugo()
 	if err != nil {
 		c.r.logger.Errorln("Error getting the Hugo object:", err)
@ -795,7 +743,6 @@ func (c *hugoBuilder) handleEvents(watcher *watcher.Batcher,
 		istemp := strings.HasSuffix(ext, "~") ||
 			(ext == ".swp") || // vim
 			(ext == ".swx") || // vim
-			(ext == ".bck") || // helix
 			(ext == ".tmp") || // generic temp file
 			(ext == ".DS_Store") || // OSX Thumbnail
 			baseName == "4913" || // vim
@ -818,6 +765,21 @@ func (c *hugoBuilder) handleEvents(watcher *watcher.Batcher,
 			continue
 		}

+		// Write and rename operations are often followed by CHMOD.
+		// There may be valid use cases for rebuilding the site on CHMOD,
+		// but that will require more complex logic than this simple conditional.
+		// On OS X this seems to be related to Spotlight, see:
+		// https://github.com/go-fsnotify/fsnotify/issues/15
+		// A workaround is to put your site(s) on the Spotlight exception list,
+		// but that may be a little mysterious for most end users.
+		// So, for now, we skip reload on CHMOD.
+		// We do have to check for WRITE though. On slower laptops a Chmod
+		// could be aggregated with other important events, and we still want
+		// to rebuild on those
+		if ev.Op&(fsnotify.Chmod|fsnotify.Write|fsnotify.Create) == fsnotify.Chmod {
+			continue
+		}
+
 		walkAdder := func(path string, f hugofs.FileMetaInfo) error {
 			if f.IsDir() {
 				c.r.logger.Println("adding created directory to watchlist", path)
@ -849,11 +811,6 @@ func (c *hugoBuilder) handleEvents(watcher *watcher.Batcher,
 		}
 	}

-	lrl := c.r.logger.InfoCommand("livereload")
-
-	staticEvents = filterDuplicateEvents(staticEvents)
-	dynamicEvents = filterDuplicateEvents(dynamicEvents)
-
 	if len(staticEvents) > 0 {
 		c.printChangeDetected("Static files")

@ -874,20 +831,19 @@ func (c *hugoBuilder) handleEvents(watcher *watcher.Batcher,
 		if c.s != nil && c.s.doLiveReload {
 			// Will block forever trying to write to a channel that nobody is reading if livereload isn't initialized

+			// force refresh when more than one file
 			if !c.errState.wasErr() && len(staticEvents) == 1 {
+				ev := staticEvents[0]
 				h, err := c.hugo()
 				if err != nil {
 					c.r.logger.Errorln("Error getting the Hugo object:", err)
 					return
 				}
-
-				path := h.BaseFs.SourceFilesystems.MakeStaticPathRelative(staticEvents[0].Name)
+				path := h.BaseFs.SourceFilesystems.MakeStaticPathRelative(ev.Name)
 				path = h.RelURL(paths.ToSlashTrimLeading(path), false)

-				lrl.Logf("refreshing static file %q", path)
 				livereload.RefreshPath(path)
 			} else {
-				lrl.Logf("got %d static file change events, force refresh", len(staticEvents))
 				livereload.ForceRefresh()
 			}
 		}
@ -911,34 +867,20 @@ func (c *hugoBuilder) handleEvents(watcher *watcher.Batcher,
 		}()

 		if c.s != nil && c.s.doLiveReload {
+			if len(partitionedEvents.ContentEvents) == 0 && len(partitionedEvents.AssetEvents) > 0 {
 				if c.errState.wasErr() {
 					livereload.ForceRefresh()
 					return
 				}
-
 				changed := c.changeDetector.changed()
-			if c.changeDetector != nil {
-				if len(changed) >= 10 {
-					lrl.Logf("build changed %d files", len(changed))
-				} else {
-					lrl.Logf("build changed %d files: %q", len(changed), changed)
-				}
-				if len(changed) == 0 {
+				if c.changeDetector != nil && len(changed) == 0 {
 					// Nothing has changed.
 					return
-				}
-			}
-
-			// If this change set also contains one or more CSS files, we need to
-			// refresh these as well.
-			var cssChanges []string
-			var otherChanges []string
-
-			for _, ev := range changed {
-				if strings.HasSuffix(ev, ".css") {
-					cssChanges = append(cssChanges, ev)
+				} else if len(changed) == 1 {
+					pathToRefresh := h.PathSpec.RelURL(paths.ToSlashTrimLeading(changed[0]), false)
+					livereload.RefreshPath(pathToRefresh)
 				} else {
-					otherChanges = append(otherChanges, ev)
+					livereload.ForceRefresh()
 				}
 			}

@ -954,39 +896,11 @@ func (c *hugoBuilder) handleEvents(watcher *watcher.Batcher,
 					}
 				}

-				if p != nil && p.RelPermalink() != "" {
-					link, port := p.RelPermalink(), p.Site().ServerPort()
-					lrl.Logf("navigating to %q using port %d", link, port)
-					livereload.NavigateToPathForPort(link, port)
+				if p != nil {
+					livereload.NavigateToPathForPort(p.RelPermalink(), p.Site().ServerPort())
 				} else {
-					lrl.Logf("no page to navigate to, force refresh")
 					livereload.ForceRefresh()
 				}
-			} else if len(otherChanges) > 0 {
-				if len(otherChanges) == 1 {
-					// Allow single changes to be refreshed without a full page reload.
-					pathToRefresh := h.PathSpec.RelURL(paths.ToSlashTrimLeading(otherChanges[0]), false)
-					lrl.Logf("refreshing %q", pathToRefresh)
-					livereload.RefreshPath(pathToRefresh)
-				} else if len(cssChanges) == 0 || len(otherChanges) > 1 {
-					lrl.Logf("force refresh")
-					livereload.ForceRefresh()
-				}
-			} else {
-				lrl.Logf("force refresh")
-				livereload.ForceRefresh()
-			}
-
-			if len(cssChanges) > 0 {
-				// Allow some time for the live reload script to get reconnected.
-				if len(otherChanges) > 0 {
-					time.Sleep(200 * time.Millisecond)
-				}
-				for _, ev := range cssChanges {
-					pathToRefresh := h.PathSpec.RelURL(paths.ToSlashTrimLeading(ev), false)
-					lrl.Logf("refreshing CSS %q", pathToRefresh)
-					livereload.RefreshPath(pathToRefresh)
-				}
 			}
 		}
 	}
@ -1055,7 +969,7 @@ func (c *hugoBuilder) loadConfig(cd *simplecobra.Commandeer, running bool) error
 		"fastRenderMode": c.fastRenderMode,
 	})

-	conf, err := c.r.ConfigFromProvider(configKey{counter: c.r.configVersionID.Load()}, flagsToCfg(cd, cfg))
+	conf, err := c.r.ConfigFromProvider(c.r.configVersionID.Load(), flagsToCfg(cd, cfg))
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@ -1089,49 +1003,29 @@ func (c *hugoBuilder) printChangeDetected(typ string) {
 	c.r.logger.Println(htime.Now().Format(layout))
 }

-func (c *hugoBuilder) rebuildSites(events []fsnotify.Event) (err error) {
-	defer func() {
-		c.errState.setBuildErr(err)
-	}()
+func (c *hugoBuilder) rebuildSites(events []fsnotify.Event) error {
 	if err := c.errState.buildErr(); err != nil {
 		ferrs := herrors.UnwrapFileErrorsWithErrorContext(err)
 		for _, err := range ferrs {
 			events = append(events, fsnotify.Event{Name: err.Position().Filename, Op: fsnotify.Write})
 		}
 	}
-	var h *hugolib.HugoSites
-	h, err = c.hugo()
+	c.errState.setBuildErr(nil)
+	h, err := c.hugo()
 	if err != nil {
-		return
+		return err
 	}
-	err = h.Build(hugolib.BuildCfg{NoBuildLock: true, RecentlyTouched: c.visitedURLs, ErrRecovery: c.errState.wasErr()}, events...)
-	return
-}

-func (c *hugoBuilder) rebuildSitesForChanges(ids []identity.Identity) (err error) {
-	defer func() {
-		c.errState.setBuildErr(err)
-	}()
-
-	var h *hugolib.HugoSites
-	h, err = c.hugo()
-	if err != nil {
-		return
-	}
-	whatChanged := &hugolib.WhatChanged{}
-	whatChanged.Add(ids...)
-	err = h.Build(hugolib.BuildCfg{NoBuildLock: true, WhatChanged: whatChanged, RecentlyTouched: c.visitedURLs, ErrRecovery: c.errState.wasErr()})
-
-	return
+	return h.Build(hugolib.BuildCfg{NoBuildLock: true, RecentlyVisited: c.visitedURLs, ErrRecovery: c.errState.wasErr()}, events...)
 }

 func (c *hugoBuilder) reloadConfig() error {
-	c.r.resetLogs()
+	c.r.Reset()
 	c.r.configVersionID.Add(1)

 	if err := c.withConfE(func(conf *commonConfig) error {
 		oldConf := conf
-		newConf, err := c.r.ConfigFromConfig(configKey{counter: c.r.configVersionID.Load()}, conf)
+		newConf, err := c.r.ConfigFromConfig(c.r.configVersionID.Load(), conf)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
--- a/commands/import.go
+++ b/commands/import.go
@ -90,8 +90,8 @@ func (c *importCommand) Run(ctx context.Context, cd *simplecobra.Commandeer, arg

 func (c *importCommand) Init(cd *simplecobra.Commandeer) error {
 	cmd := cd.CobraCommand
-	cmd.Short = "Import a site from another system"
-	cmd.Long = `Import a site from another system.
+	cmd.Short = "Import your site from others."
+	cmd.Long = `Import your site from other web site generators like Jekyll.

 Import requires a subcommand, e.g. ` + "`hugo import jekyll jekyll_root_path target_path`."

--- a/commands/list.go
+++ b/commands/list.go
@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ func newListCommand() *listCommand {
 			return err
 		}

-		writer := csv.NewWriter(r.StdOut)
+		writer := csv.NewWriter(r.Out)
 		defer writer.Flush()

 		writer.Write([]string{
@ -199,8 +199,8 @@ func (c *listCommand) Run(ctx context.Context, cd *simplecobra.Commandeer, args

 func (c *listCommand) Init(cd *simplecobra.Commandeer) error {
 	cmd := cd.CobraCommand
-	cmd.Short = "List content"
-	cmd.Long = `List content.
+	cmd.Short = "Listing out various types of content"
+	cmd.Long = `Listing out various types of content.

 List requires a subcommand, e.g. hugo list drafts`

--- a/commands/mod.go
+++ b/commands/mod.go
@ -44,12 +44,12 @@ func newModCommands() *modCommands {

 	npmCommand := &simpleCommand{
 		name:  "npm",
-		short: "Various npm helpers",
+		short: "Various npm helpers.",
 		long:  `Various npm (Node package manager) helpers.`,
 		commands: []simplecobra.Commander{
 			&simpleCommand{
 				name:  "pack",
-				short: "Experimental: Prepares and writes a composite package.json file for your project",
+				short: "Experimental: Prepares and writes a composite package.json file for your project.",
 				long: `Prepares and writes a composite package.json file for your project.

 On first run it creates a "package.hugo.json" in the project root if not already there. This file will be used as a template file
@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ so this may/will change in future versions of Hugo.
 		commands: []simplecobra.Commander{
 			&simpleCommand{
 				name:  "init",
-				short: "Initialize this project as a Hugo Module",
+				short: "Initialize this project as a Hugo Module.",
 				long: `Initialize this project as a Hugo Module.
 	It will try to guess the module path, but you may help by passing it as an argument, e.g:
 	
@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ so this may/will change in future versions of Hugo.
 					applyLocalFlagsBuildConfig(cmd, r)
 				},
 				run: func(ctx context.Context, cd *simplecobra.Commandeer, r *rootCommand, args []string) error {
-					h, err := r.getOrCreateHugo(flagsToCfg(cd, nil), true)
+					h, err := r.Hugo(flagsToCfg(cd, nil))
 					if err != nil {
 						return err
 					}
@ -102,16 +102,12 @@ so this may/will change in future versions of Hugo.
 					if len(args) >= 1 {
 						initPath = args[0]
 					}
-					c := h.Configs.ModulesClient
-					if err := c.Init(initPath); err != nil {
-						return err
-					}
-					return nil
+					return h.Configs.ModulesClient.Init(initPath)
 				},
 			},
 			&simpleCommand{
 				name:  "verify",
-				short: "Verify dependencies",
+				short: "Verify dependencies.",
 				long:  `Verify checks that the dependencies of the current module, which are stored in a local downloaded source cache, have not been modified since being downloaded.`,
 				withc: func(cmd *cobra.Command, r *rootCommand) {
 					cmd.ValidArgsFunction = cobra.NoFileCompletions
@ -119,7 +115,7 @@ so this may/will change in future versions of Hugo.
 					cmd.Flags().BoolVarP(&clean, "clean", "", false, "delete module cache for dependencies that fail verification")
 				},
 				run: func(ctx context.Context, cd *simplecobra.Commandeer, r *rootCommand, args []string) error {
-					conf, err := r.ConfigFromProvider(configKey{counter: r.configVersionID.Load()}, flagsToCfg(cd, nil))
+					conf, err := r.ConfigFromProvider(r.configVersionID.Load(), flagsToCfg(cd, nil))
 					if err != nil {
 						return err
 					}
@ -129,7 +125,7 @@ so this may/will change in future versions of Hugo.
 			},
 			&simpleCommand{
 				name:  "graph",
-				short: "Print a module dependency graph",
+				short: "Print a module dependency graph.",
 				long: `Print a module dependency graph with information about module status (disabled, vendored).
 Note that for vendored modules, that is the version listed and not the one from go.mod.
 `,
@ -139,7 +135,7 @@ Note that for vendored modules, that is the version listed and not the one from
 					cmd.Flags().BoolVarP(&clean, "clean", "", false, "delete module cache for dependencies that fail verification")
 				},
 				run: func(ctx context.Context, cd *simplecobra.Commandeer, r *rootCommand, args []string) error {
-					conf, err := r.ConfigFromProvider(configKey{counter: r.configVersionID.Load()}, flagsToCfg(cd, nil))
+					conf, err := r.ConfigFromProvider(r.configVersionID.Load(), flagsToCfg(cd, nil))
 					if err != nil {
 						return err
 					}
@ -149,7 +145,7 @@ Note that for vendored modules, that is the version listed and not the one from
 			},
 			&simpleCommand{
 				name:  "clean",
-				short: "Delete the Hugo Module cache for the current project",
+				short: "Delete the Hugo Module cache for the current project.",
 				long:  `Delete the Hugo Module cache for the current project.`,
 				withc: func(cmd *cobra.Command, r *rootCommand) {
 					cmd.ValidArgsFunction = cobra.NoFileCompletions
@ -175,7 +171,7 @@ Note that for vendored modules, that is the version listed and not the one from
 			},
 			&simpleCommand{
 				name:  "tidy",
-				short: "Remove unused entries in go.mod and go.sum",
+				short: "Remove unused entries in go.mod and go.sum.",
 				withc: func(cmd *cobra.Command, r *rootCommand) {
 					cmd.ValidArgsFunction = cobra.NoFileCompletions
 					applyLocalFlagsBuildConfig(cmd, r)
@ -190,7 +186,7 @@ Note that for vendored modules, that is the version listed and not the one from
 			},
 			&simpleCommand{
 				name:  "vendor",
-				short: "Vendor all module dependencies into the _vendor directory",
+				short: "Vendor all module dependencies into the _vendor directory.",
 				long: `Vendor all module dependencies into the _vendor directory.
 	If a module is vendored, that is where Hugo will look for it's dependencies.
 	`,
@ -209,9 +205,9 @@ Note that for vendored modules, that is the version listed and not the one from

 			&simpleCommand{
 				name:  "get",
-				short: "Resolves dependencies in your current Hugo project",
+				short: "Resolves dependencies in your current Hugo Project.",
 				long: `
-Resolves dependencies in your current Hugo project.
+Resolves dependencies in your current Hugo Project.

 Some examples:

@ -272,14 +268,13 @@ Run "go help get" for more information. All flags available for "go get" is also
 							if info.Name() == "go.mod" {
 								// Found a module.
 								dir := filepath.Dir(path)
-
+								r.Println("Update module in", dir)
 								cfg := config.New()
 								cfg.Set("workingDir", dir)
-								conf, err := r.ConfigFromProvider(configKey{counter: r.configVersionID.Add(1)}, flagsToCfg(cd, cfg))
+								conf, err := r.ConfigFromProvider(r.configVersionID.Load(), flagsToCfg(cd, cfg))
 								if err != nil {
 									return err
 								}
-								r.Println("Update module in", conf.configs.Base.WorkingDir)
 								client := conf.configs.ModulesClient
 								return client.Get(args...)

@ -288,7 +283,7 @@ Run "go help get" for more information. All flags available for "go get" is also
 						})
 						return nil
 					} else {
-						conf, err := r.ConfigFromProvider(configKey{counter: r.configVersionID.Load()}, flagsToCfg(cd, nil))
+						conf, err := r.ConfigFromProvider(r.configVersionID.Load(), flagsToCfg(cd, nil))
 						if err != nil {
 							return err
 						}
@ -317,7 +312,7 @@ func (c *modCommands) Name() string {
 }

 func (c *modCommands) Run(ctx context.Context, cd *simplecobra.Commandeer, args []string) error {
-	_, err := c.r.ConfigFromProvider(configKey{counter: c.r.configVersionID.Load()}, nil)
+	_, err := c.r.ConfigFromProvider(c.r.configVersionID.Load(), nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@ -328,7 +323,7 @@ func (c *modCommands) Run(ctx context.Context, cd *simplecobra.Commandeer, args

 func (c *modCommands) Init(cd *simplecobra.Commandeer) error {
 	cmd := cd.CobraCommand
-	cmd.Short = "Manage modules"
+	cmd.Short = "Various Hugo Modules helpers."
 	cmd.Long = `Various helpers to help manage the modules in your project's dependency graph.
 Most operations here requires a Go version installed on your system (>= Go 1.12) and the relevant VCS client (typically Git).
 This is not needed if you only operate on modules inside /themes or if you have vendored them via "hugo mod vendor".
--- a/commands/new.go
+++ b/commands/new.go
@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ func newNewCommand() *newCommand {
 			&simpleCommand{
 				name:  "content",
 				use:   "content [path]",
-				short: "Create new content",
+				short: "Create new content for your site",
 				long: `Create a new content file and automatically set the date and title.
 It will guess which kind of file to create based on the path provided.

@ -76,8 +76,10 @@ Ensure you run this within the root directory of your site.`,
 			&simpleCommand{
 				name:  "site",
 				use:   "site [path]",
-				short: "Create a new site",
-				long:  `Create a new site at the specified path.`,
+				short: "Create a new site (skeleton)",
+				long: `Create a new site in the provided directory.
+The new site will have the correct structure, but no content or theme yet.
+Use ` + "`hugo new [contentPath]`" + ` to create new content.`,
 				run: func(ctx context.Context, cd *simplecobra.Commandeer, r *rootCommand, args []string) error {
 					if len(args) < 1 {
 						return newUserError("path needs to be provided")
@ -91,7 +93,7 @@ Ensure you run this within the root directory of your site.`,
 					cfg.Set("workingDir", createpath)
 					cfg.Set("publishDir", "public")

-					conf, err := r.ConfigFromProvider(configKey{counter: r.configVersionID.Load()}, flagsToCfg(cd, cfg))
+					conf, err := r.ConfigFromProvider(r.configVersionID.Load(), flagsToCfg(cd, cfg))
 					if err != nil {
 						return err
 					}
@ -122,9 +124,11 @@ Ensure you run this within the root directory of your site.`,
 			&simpleCommand{
 				name:  "theme",
 				use:   "theme [name]",
-				short: "Create a new theme",
-				long: `Create a new theme with the specified name in the ./themes directory.
-This generates a functional theme including template examples and sample content.`,
+				short: "Create a new theme (skeleton)",
+				long: `Create a new theme (skeleton) called [name] in ./themes.
+New theme is a skeleton. Please add content to the touched files. Add your
+name to the copyright line in the license and adjust the theme.toml file
+according to your needs.`,
 				run: func(ctx context.Context, cd *simplecobra.Commandeer, r *rootCommand, args []string) error {
 					if len(args) < 1 {
 						return newUserError("theme name needs to be provided")
@ -132,7 +136,7 @@ This generates a functional theme including template examples and sample content
 					cfg := config.New()
 					cfg.Set("publishDir", "public")

-					conf, err := r.ConfigFromProvider(configKey{counter: r.configVersionID.Load()}, flagsToCfg(cd, cfg))
+					conf, err := r.ConfigFromProvider(r.configVersionID.Load(), flagsToCfg(cd, cfg))
 					if err != nil {
 						return err
 					}
@ -140,7 +144,7 @@ This generates a functional theme including template examples and sample content
 					createpath := paths.AbsPathify(conf.configs.Base.WorkingDir, filepath.Join(conf.configs.Base.ThemesDir, args[0]))
 					r.Println("Creating new theme in", createpath)

-					err = skeletons.CreateTheme(createpath, sourceFs, format)
+					err = skeletons.CreateTheme(createpath, sourceFs)
 					if err != nil {
 						return err
 					}
@ -148,14 +152,7 @@ This generates a functional theme including template examples and sample content
 					return nil
 				},
 				withc: func(cmd *cobra.Command, r *rootCommand) {
-					cmd.ValidArgsFunction = func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string, toComplete string) ([]string, cobra.ShellCompDirective) {
-						if len(args) != 0 {
-							return []string{}, cobra.ShellCompDirectiveNoFileComp
-						}
-						return []string{}, cobra.ShellCompDirectiveNoFileComp | cobra.ShellCompDirectiveFilterDirs
-					}
-					cmd.Flags().StringVar(&format, "format", "toml", "preferred file format (toml, yaml or json)")
-					_ = cmd.RegisterFlagCompletionFunc("format", cobra.FixedCompletions([]string{"toml", "yaml", "json"}, cobra.ShellCompDirectiveNoFileComp))
+					cmd.ValidArgsFunction = cobra.NoFileCompletions
 				},
 			},
 		},
@ -184,7 +181,7 @@ func (c *newCommand) Run(ctx context.Context, cd *simplecobra.Commandeer, args [

 func (c *newCommand) Init(cd *simplecobra.Commandeer) error {
 	cmd := cd.CobraCommand
-	cmd.Short = "Create new content"
+	cmd.Short = "Create new content for your site"
 	cmd.Long = `Create a new content file and automatically set the date and title.
 It will guess which kind of file to create based on the path provided.

--- a/commands/release.go
+++ b/commands/release.go
@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ func newReleaseCommand() simplecobra.Commander {

 	return &simpleCommand{
 		name:  "release",
-		short: "Release a new version of Hugo",
+		short: "Release a new version of Hugo.",
 		run: func(ctx context.Context, cd *simplecobra.Commandeer, r *rootCommand, args []string) error {
 			rel, err := releaser.New(skipPush, try, step)
 			if err != nil {
--- a/commands/server.go
+++ b/commands/server.go
@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
-	"maps"
 	"net"
 	"net/http"
 	_ "net/http/pprof"
@ -33,7 +32,6 @@ import (
 	"path"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"regexp"
-	"sort"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
@ -42,14 +40,12 @@ import (
 	"time"

 	"github.com/bep/mclib"
-	"github.com/pkg/browser"

 	"github.com/bep/debounce"
 	"github.com/bep/simplecobra"
 	"github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify"
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/common/herrors"
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/common/hugo"
-	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/tpl/tplimpl"

 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/common/types"
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/common/urls"
@ -59,6 +55,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/hugolib"
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/hugolib/filesystems"
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/livereload"
+	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/tpl"
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/transform"
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/transform/livereloadinject"
 	"github.com/spf13/afero"
@ -85,14 +82,10 @@ const (
 	configChangeGoWork = "go work file"
 )

-const (
-	hugoHeaderRedirect = "X-Hugo-Redirect"
-)
-
 func newHugoBuilder(r *rootCommand, s *serverCommand, onConfigLoaded ...func(reloaded bool) error) *hugoBuilder {
-	var visitedURLs *types.EvictingQueue[string]
+	var visitedURLs *types.EvictingStringQueue
 	if s != nil && !s.disableFastRender {
-		visitedURLs = types.NewEvictingQueue[string](20)
+		visitedURLs = types.NewEvictingStringQueue(20)
 	}
 	return &hugoBuilder{
 		r:              r,
@ -120,7 +113,7 @@ func newServerCommand() *serverCommand {
 		commands: []simplecobra.Commander{
 			&simpleCommand{
 				name:  "trust",
-				short: "Install the local CA in the system trust store",
+				short: "Install the local CA in the system trust store.",
 				run: func(ctx context.Context, cd *simplecobra.Commandeer, r *rootCommand, args []string) error {
 					action := "-install"
 					if uninstall {
@ -169,16 +162,16 @@ type dynamicEvents struct {

 type fileChangeDetector struct {
 	sync.Mutex
-	current map[string]uint64
-	prev    map[string]uint64
+	current map[string]string
+	prev    map[string]string

 	irrelevantRe *regexp.Regexp
 }

-func (f *fileChangeDetector) OnFileClose(name string, checksum uint64) {
+func (f *fileChangeDetector) OnFileClose(name, md5sum string) {
 	f.Lock()
 	defer f.Unlock()
-	f.current[name] = checksum
+	f.current[name] = md5sum
 }

 func (f *fileChangeDetector) PrepareNew() {
@ -190,14 +183,16 @@ func (f *fileChangeDetector) PrepareNew() {
 	defer f.Unlock()

 	if f.current == nil {
-		f.current = make(map[string]uint64)
-		f.prev = make(map[string]uint64)
+		f.current = make(map[string]string)
+		f.prev = make(map[string]string)
 		return
 	}

-	f.prev = make(map[string]uint64)
-	maps.Copy(f.prev, f.current)
-	f.current = make(map[string]uint64)
+	f.prev = make(map[string]string)
+	for k, v := range f.current {
+		f.prev[k] = v
+	}
+	f.current = make(map[string]string)
 }

 func (f *fileChangeDetector) changed() []string {
@ -214,17 +209,16 @@ func (f *fileChangeDetector) changed() []string {
 		}
 	}

-	return f.filterIrrelevantAndSort(c)
+	return f.filterIrrelevant(c)
 }

-func (f *fileChangeDetector) filterIrrelevantAndSort(in []string) []string {
+func (f *fileChangeDetector) filterIrrelevant(in []string) []string {
 	var filtered []string
 	for _, v := range in {
 		if !f.irrelevantRe.MatchString(v) {
 			filtered = append(filtered, v)
 		}
 	}
-	sort.Strings(filtered)
 	return filtered
 }

@ -310,8 +304,8 @@ func (f *fileServer) createEndpoint(i int) (*http.ServeMux, net.Listener, string
 				w.Header().Set(header.Key, header.Value)
 			}

-			if canRedirect(requestURI, r) {
-				if redirect := serverConfig.MatchRedirect(requestURI, r.Header); !redirect.IsZero() {
+			if redirect := serverConfig.MatchRedirect(requestURI); !redirect.IsZero() {
+				// fullName := filepath.Join(dir, filepath.FromSlash(path.Clean("/"+name)))
 				doRedirect := true
 				// This matches Netlify's behavior and is needed for SPA behavior.
 				// See https://docs.netlify.com/routing/redirects/rewrites-proxies/
@ -340,7 +334,6 @@ func (f *fileServer) createEndpoint(i int) (*http.ServeMux, net.Listener, string
 				}

 				if doRedirect {
-						w.Header().Set(hugoHeaderRedirect, "true")
 					switch redirect.Status {
 					case 404:
 						w.WriteHeader(404)
@ -364,11 +357,11 @@ func (f *fileServer) createEndpoint(i int) (*http.ServeMux, net.Listener, string

 					}
 				}
-				}
+
 			}

 			if f.c.fastRenderMode && f.c.errState.buildErr() == nil {
-				if isNavigation(requestURI, r) {
+				if strings.HasSuffix(requestURI, "/") || strings.HasSuffix(requestURI, "html") || strings.HasSuffix(requestURI, "htm") {
 					if !f.c.visitedURLs.Contains(requestURI) {
 						// If not already on stack, re-render that single page.
 						if err := f.c.partialReRender(requestURI); err != nil {
@ -455,7 +448,6 @@ type serverCommand struct {
 	// Flags.
 	renderStaticToDisk  bool
 	navigateToChanged   bool
-	openBrowser         bool
 	serverAppend        bool
 	serverInterface     string
 	tlsCertFile         string
@ -516,7 +508,7 @@ func (c *serverCommand) Run(ctx context.Context, cd *simplecobra.Commandeer, arg

 func (c *serverCommand) Init(cd *simplecobra.Commandeer) error {
 	cmd := cd.CobraCommand
-	cmd.Short = "Start the embedded web server"
+	cmd.Short = "A high performance webserver"
 	cmd.Long = `Hugo provides its own webserver which builds and serves the site.
 While hugo server is high performance, it is a webserver with limited options.

@ -547,7 +539,6 @@ of a second, you will be able to save and see your changes nearly instantly.`
 	cmd.Flags().BoolVarP(&c.serverAppend, "appendPort", "", true, "append port to baseURL")
 	cmd.Flags().BoolVar(&c.disableLiveReload, "disableLiveReload", false, "watch without enabling live browser reload on rebuild")
 	cmd.Flags().BoolVarP(&c.navigateToChanged, "navigateToChanged", "N", false, "navigate to changed content file on live browser reload")
-	cmd.Flags().BoolVarP(&c.openBrowser, "openBrowser", "O", false, "open the site in a browser after server startup")
 	cmd.Flags().BoolVar(&c.renderStaticToDisk, "renderStaticToDisk", false, "serve static files from disk and dynamic files from memory")
 	cmd.Flags().BoolVar(&c.disableFastRender, "disableFastRender", false, "enables full re-renders on changes")
 	cmd.Flags().BoolVar(&c.disableBrowserError, "disableBrowserError", false, "do not show build errors in the browser")
@ -627,7 +618,7 @@ func (c *serverCommand) setServerInfoInConfig() error {
 		panic("no server ports set")
 	}
 	return c.withConfE(func(conf *commonConfig) error {
-		for i, language := range conf.configs.LanguagesDefaultFirst {
+		for i, language := range conf.configs.Languages {
 			isMultihost := conf.configs.IsMultihost
 			var serverPort int
 			if isMultihost {
@ -657,8 +648,9 @@ func (c *serverCommand) setServerInfoInConfig() error {
 }

 func (c *serverCommand) getErrorWithContext() any {
-	buildErr := c.errState.buildErr()
-	if buildErr == nil {
+	errCount := c.errCount()
+
+	if errCount == 0 {
 		return nil
 	}

@ -667,7 +659,7 @@ func (c *serverCommand) getErrorWithContext() any {
 	m["Error"] = cleanErrorLog(c.r.logger.Errors())

 	m["Version"] = hugo.BuildVersionString()
-	ferrors := herrors.UnwrapFileErrorsWithErrorContext(buildErr)
+	ferrors := herrors.UnwrapFileErrorsWithErrorContext(c.errState.buildErr())
 	m["Files"] = ferrors

 	return m
@ -758,7 +750,7 @@ func (c *serverCommand) createServerPorts(cd *simplecobra.Commandeer) error {
 			c.serverPorts = make([]serverPortListener, len(conf.configs.Languages))
 		}
 		currentServerPort := c.serverPort
-		for i := range c.serverPorts {
+		for i := 0; i < len(c.serverPorts); i++ {
 			l, err := net.Listen("tcp", net.JoinHostPort(c.serverInterface, strconv.Itoa(currentServerPort)))
 			if err == nil {
 				c.serverPorts[i] = serverPortListener{ln: l, p: currentServerPort}
@ -838,25 +830,22 @@ func (c *serverCommand) fixURL(baseURLFromConfig, baseURLFromFlag string, port i
 	return u.String(), nil
 }

-func (c *serverCommand) partialReRender(urls ...string) (err error) {
+func (c *serverCommand) partialReRender(urls ...string) error {
 	defer func() {
 		c.errState.setWasErr(false)
 	}()
-	visited := types.NewEvictingQueue[string](len(urls))
+	c.errState.setBuildErr(nil)
+	visited := types.NewEvictingStringQueue(len(urls))
 	for _, url := range urls {
 		visited.Add(url)
 	}

-	var h *hugolib.HugoSites
-	h, err = c.hugo()
+	h, err := c.hugo()
 	if err != nil {
-		return
+		return err
 	}
-
 	// Note: We do not set NoBuildLock as the file lock is not acquired at this stage.
-	err = h.Build(hugolib.BuildCfg{NoBuildLock: false, RecentlyTouched: visited, PartialReRender: true, ErrRecovery: c.errState.wasErr()})
-
-	return
+	return h.Build(hugolib.BuildCfg{NoBuildLock: false, RecentlyVisited: visited, PartialReRender: true, ErrRecovery: c.errState.wasErr()})
 }

 func (c *serverCommand) serve() error {
@ -897,16 +886,16 @@ func (c *serverCommand) serve() error {
 	// To allow the en user to change the error template while the server is running, we use
 	// the freshest template we can provide.
 	var (
-		errTempl     *tplimpl.TemplInfo
-		templHandler *tplimpl.TemplateStore
+		errTempl     tpl.Template
+		templHandler tpl.TemplateHandler
 	)
-	getErrorTemplateAndHandler := func(h *hugolib.HugoSites) (*tplimpl.TemplInfo, *tplimpl.TemplateStore) {
+	getErrorTemplateAndHandler := func(h *hugolib.HugoSites) (tpl.Template, tpl.TemplateHandler) {
 		if h == nil {
 			return errTempl, templHandler
 		}
-		templHandler := h.GetTemplateStore()
-		errTempl := templHandler.LookupByPath("/_server/error.html")
-		if errTempl == nil {
+		templHandler := h.Tmpl()
+		errTempl, found := templHandler.Lookup("_server/error.html")
+		if !found {
 			panic("template server/error.html not found")
 		}
 		return errTempl, templHandler
@ -1007,13 +996,6 @@ func (c *serverCommand) serve() error {

 	c.r.Println("Press Ctrl+C to stop")

-	if c.openBrowser {
-		// There may be more than one baseURL in multihost mode, open the first.
-		if err := browser.OpenURL(baseURLs[0].String()); err != nil {
-			c.r.logger.Warnf("Failed to open browser: %s", err)
-		}
-	}
-
 	err = func() error {
 		for {
 			select {
@ -1030,6 +1012,10 @@ func (c *serverCommand) serve() error {
 		c.r.Println("Error:", err)
 	}

+	if h := c.hugoTry(); h != nil {
+		h.Close()
+	}
+
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
 	defer cancel()
 	wg2, ctx := errgroup.WithContext(ctx)
@ -1234,24 +1220,3 @@ func formatByteCount(b uint64) string {
 	return fmt.Sprintf("%.1f %cB",
 		float64(b)/float64(div), "kMGTPE"[exp])
 }
-
-func canRedirect(requestURIWithoutQuery string, r *http.Request) bool {
-	if r.Header.Get(hugoHeaderRedirect) != "" {
-		return false
-	}
-	return isNavigation(requestURIWithoutQuery, r)
-}
-
-// Sec-Fetch-Mode should be sent by all recent browser versions, see https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Sec-Fetch-Mode#navigate
-// Fall back to the file extension if not set.
-// The main take here is that we don't want to have CSS/JS files etc. partake in this logic.
-func isNavigation(requestURIWithoutQuery string, r *http.Request) bool {
-	return r.Header.Get("Sec-Fetch-Mode") == "navigate" || isPropablyHTMLRequest(requestURIWithoutQuery)
-}
-
-func isPropablyHTMLRequest(requestURIWithoutQuery string) bool {
-	if strings.HasSuffix(requestURIWithoutQuery, "/") || strings.HasSuffix(requestURIWithoutQuery, "html") || strings.HasSuffix(requestURIWithoutQuery, "htm") {
-		return true
-	}
-	return !strings.Contains(requestURIWithoutQuery, ".")
-}
--- a/common/collections/append.go
+++ b/common/collections/append.go
@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ func appendToInterfaceSliceFromValues(slice1, slice2 reflect.Value) ([]any, erro
 			tos = append(tos, nil)
 			continue
 		}
-		for i := range slice.Len() {
+		for i := 0; i < slice.Len(); i++ {
 			tos = append(tos, slice.Index(i).Interface())
 		}
 	}
@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ func appendToInterfaceSliceFromValues(slice1, slice2 reflect.Value) ([]any, erro
 func appendToInterfaceSlice(tov reflect.Value, from ...any) ([]any, error) {
 	var tos []any

-	for i := range tov.Len() {
+	for i := 0; i < tov.Len(); i++ {
 		tos = append(tos, tov.Index(i).Interface())
 	}

--- a/common/collections/append_test.go
+++ b/common/collections/append_test.go
@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ package collections

 import (
 	"html/template"
-	"reflect"
 	"testing"

 	qt "github.com/frankban/quicktest"
@ -78,7 +77,6 @@ func TestAppend(t *testing.T) {
 		{[]string{"a", "b"}, []any{nil}, []any{"a", "b", nil}},
 		{[]string{"a", "b"}, []any{nil, "d", nil}, []any{"a", "b", nil, "d", nil}},
 		{[]any{"a", nil, "c"}, []any{"d", nil, "f"}, []any{"a", nil, "c", "d", nil, "f"}},
-		{[]string{"a", "b"}, []any{}, []string{"a", "b"}},
 	} {

 		result, err := Append(test.start, test.addend...)
@ -148,66 +146,3 @@ func TestAppendShouldMakeACopyOfTheInputSlice(t *testing.T) {
 	c.Assert(result, qt.DeepEquals, []string{"a", "b", "c"})
 	c.Assert(slice, qt.DeepEquals, []string{"d", "b"})
 }
-
-func TestIndirect(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-	c := qt.New(t)
-
-	type testStruct struct {
-		Field string
-	}
-
-	var (
-		nilPtr      *testStruct
-		nilIface    interface{} = nil
-		nonNilIface interface{} = &testStruct{Field: "hello"}
-	)
-
-	tests := []struct {
-		name     string
-		input    any
-		wantKind reflect.Kind
-		wantNil  bool
-	}{
-		{
-			name:     "nil pointer",
-			input:    nilPtr,
-			wantKind: reflect.Ptr,
-			wantNil:  true,
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "nil interface",
-			input:    nilIface,
-			wantKind: reflect.Invalid,
-			wantNil:  false,
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "non-nil pointer to struct",
-			input:    &testStruct{Field: "abc"},
-			wantKind: reflect.Struct,
-			wantNil:  false,
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "non-nil interface holding pointer",
-			input:    nonNilIface,
-			wantKind: reflect.Struct,
-			wantNil:  false,
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "plain value",
-			input:    testStruct{Field: "xyz"},
-			wantKind: reflect.Struct,
-			wantNil:  false,
-		},
-	}
-
-	for _, tt := range tests {
-		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			v := reflect.ValueOf(tt.input)
-			got, isNil := indirect(v)
-
-			c.Assert(got.Kind(), qt.Equals, tt.wantKind)
-			c.Assert(isNil, qt.Equals, tt.wantNil)
-		})
-	}
-}
--- a/common/collections/slice_test.go
+++ b/common/collections/slice_test.go
@ -136,37 +136,3 @@ func TestSortedStringSlice(t *testing.T) {
 	c.Assert(s.Count("z"), qt.Equals, 0)
 	c.Assert(s.Count("a"), qt.Equals, 1)
 }
-
-func TestStringSliceToInterfaceSlice(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-	c := qt.New(t)
-
-	tests := []struct {
-		name string
-		in   []string
-		want []any
-	}{
-		{
-			name: "empty slice",
-			in:   []string{},
-			want: []any{},
-		},
-		{
-			name: "single element",
-			in:   []string{"hello"},
-			want: []any{"hello"},
-		},
-		{
-			name: "multiple elements",
-			in:   []string{"a", "b", "c"},
-			want: []any{"a", "b", "c"},
-		},
-	}
-
-	for _, tt := range tests {
-		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			got := StringSliceToInterfaceSlice(tt.in)
-			c.Assert(got, qt.DeepEquals, tt.want)
-		})
-	}
-}
--- a/common/collections/stack.go
+++ b/common/collections/stack.go
@ -13,8 +13,6 @@

 package collections

-import "slices"
-
 import "sync"

 // Stack is a simple LIFO stack that is safe for concurrent use.
@ -67,16 +65,3 @@ func (s *Stack[T]) Drain() []T {
 	s.items = nil
 	return items
 }
-
-func (s *Stack[T]) DrainMatching(predicate func(T) bool) []T {
-	s.mu.Lock()
-	defer s.mu.Unlock()
-	var items []T
-	for i := len(s.items) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
-		if predicate(s.items[i]) {
-			items = append(items, s.items[i])
-			s.items = slices.Delete(s.items, i, i+1)
-		}
-	}
-	return items
-}
--- a/common/collections/stack_test.go
+++ b/common/collections/stack_test.go
@ -1,77 +0,0 @@
-package collections
-
-import (
-	"testing"
-
-	qt "github.com/frankban/quicktest"
-)
-
-func TestNewStack(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-	c := qt.New(t)
-
-	s := NewStack[int]()
-
-	c.Assert(s, qt.IsNotNil)
-}
-
-func TestStackBasic(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-	c := qt.New(t)
-
-	s := NewStack[int]()
-
-	c.Assert(s.Len(), qt.Equals, 0)
-
-	s.Push(1)
-	s.Push(2)
-	s.Push(3)
-
-	c.Assert(s.Len(), qt.Equals, 3)
-
-	top, ok := s.Peek()
-	c.Assert(ok, qt.Equals, true)
-	c.Assert(top, qt.Equals, 3)
-
-	popped, ok := s.Pop()
-	c.Assert(ok, qt.Equals, true)
-	c.Assert(popped, qt.Equals, 3)
-
-	c.Assert(s.Len(), qt.Equals, 2)
-
-	_, _ = s.Pop()
-	_, _ = s.Pop()
-	_, ok = s.Pop()
-
-	c.Assert(ok, qt.Equals, false)
-}
-
-func TestStackDrain(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-	c := qt.New(t)
-
-	s := NewStack[string]()
-	s.Push("a")
-	s.Push("b")
-
-	got := s.Drain()
-
-	c.Assert(got, qt.DeepEquals, []string{"a", "b"})
-	c.Assert(s.Len(), qt.Equals, 0)
-}
-
-func TestStackDrainMatching(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-	c := qt.New(t)
-
-	s := NewStack[int]()
-	s.Push(1)
-	s.Push(2)
-	s.Push(3)
-	s.Push(4)
-
-	got := s.DrainMatching(func(v int) bool { return v%2 == 0 })
-
-	c.Assert(got, qt.DeepEquals, []int{4, 2})
-	c.Assert(s.Drain(), qt.DeepEquals, []int{1, 3})
-}
--- a/common/constants/constants.go
+++ b/common/constants/constants.go
@ -21,10 +21,6 @@ const (
 	ErrRemoteGetCSV  = "error-remote-getcsv"

 	WarnFrontMatterParamsOverrides = "warning-frontmatter-params-overrides"
-	WarnRenderShortcodesInHTML     = "warning-rendershortcodes-in-html"
-	WarnGoldmarkRawHTML            = "warning-goldmark-raw-html"
-	WarnPartialSuperfluousPrefix   = "warning-partial-superfluous-prefix"
-	WarnHomePageIsLeafBundle       = "warning-home-page-is-leaf-bundle"
 )

 // Field/method names with special meaning.
@ -43,7 +39,7 @@ const (
 	ResourceTransformationFingerprint = "fingerprint"
 )

-// IsResourceTransformationPermalinkHash returns whether the given name is a resource transformation that changes the permalink based on the content.
+// IsResourceTransformationLinkChange returns whether the given name is a resource transformation that changes the permalink based on the content.
 func IsResourceTransformationPermalinkHash(name string) bool {
 	return name == ResourceTransformationFingerprint
 }
--- a/common/hashing/hashing.go
+++ b/common/hashing/hashing.go
@ -1,194 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2024 The Hugo Authors. All rights reserved.
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-// Package hashing provides common hashing utilities.
-package hashing
-
-import (
-	"crypto/md5"
-	"encoding/hex"
-	"io"
-	"strconv"
-	"sync"
-
-	"github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2"
-	"github.com/gohugoio/hashstructure"
-	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/identity"
-)
-
-// XXHashFromReader calculates the xxHash for the given reader.
-func XXHashFromReader(r io.Reader) (uint64, int64, error) {
-	h := getXxHashReadFrom()
-	defer putXxHashReadFrom(h)
-
-	size, err := io.Copy(h, r)
-	if err != nil {
-		return 0, 0, err
-	}
-	return h.Sum64(), size, nil
-}
-
-// XxHashFromReaderHexEncoded calculates the xxHash for the given reader
-// and returns the hash as a hex encoded string.
-func XxHashFromReaderHexEncoded(r io.Reader) (string, error) {
-	h := getXxHashReadFrom()
-	defer putXxHashReadFrom(h)
-	_, err := io.Copy(h, r)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
-	}
-	hash := h.Sum(nil)
-	return hex.EncodeToString(hash), nil
-}
-
-// XXHashFromString calculates the xxHash for the given string.
-func XXHashFromString(s string) (uint64, error) {
-	h := xxhash.New()
-	h.WriteString(s)
-	return h.Sum64(), nil
-}
-
-// XxHashFromStringHexEncoded calculates the xxHash for the given string
-// and returns the hash as a hex encoded string.
-func XxHashFromStringHexEncoded(f string) string {
-	h := xxhash.New()
-	h.WriteString(f)
-	hash := h.Sum(nil)
-	return hex.EncodeToString(hash)
-}
-
-// MD5FromStringHexEncoded returns the MD5 hash of the given string.
-func MD5FromStringHexEncoded(f string) string {
-	h := md5.New()
-	h.Write([]byte(f))
-	return hex.EncodeToString(h.Sum(nil))
-}
-
-// HashString returns a hash from the given elements.
-// It will panic if the hash cannot be calculated.
-// Note that this hash should be used primarily for identity, not for change detection as
-// it in the more complex values (e.g. Page) will not hash the full content.
-func HashString(vs ...any) string {
-	hash := HashUint64(vs...)
-	return strconv.FormatUint(hash, 10)
-}
-
-// HashStringHex returns a hash from the given elements as a hex encoded string.
-// See HashString for more information.
-func HashStringHex(vs ...any) string {
-	hash := HashUint64(vs...)
-	return strconv.FormatUint(hash, 16)
-}
-
-var hashOptsPool = sync.Pool{
-	New: func() any {
-		return &hashstructure.HashOptions{
-			Hasher: xxhash.New(),
-		}
-	},
-}
-
-func getHashOpts() *hashstructure.HashOptions {
-	return hashOptsPool.Get().(*hashstructure.HashOptions)
-}
-
-func putHashOpts(opts *hashstructure.HashOptions) {
-	opts.Hasher.Reset()
-	hashOptsPool.Put(opts)
-}
-
-// HashUint64 returns a hash from the given elements.
-// It will panic if the hash cannot be calculated.
-// Note that this hash should be used primarily for identity, not for change detection as
-// it in the more complex values (e.g. Page) will not hash the full content.
-func HashUint64(vs ...any) uint64 {
-	var o any
-	if len(vs) == 1 {
-		o = toHashable(vs[0])
-	} else {
-		elements := make([]any, len(vs))
-		for i, e := range vs {
-			elements[i] = toHashable(e)
-		}
-		o = elements
-	}
-
-	hash, err := Hash(o)
-	if err != nil {
-		panic(err)
-	}
-	return hash
-}
-
-// Hash returns a hash from vs.
-func Hash(vs ...any) (uint64, error) {
-	hashOpts := getHashOpts()
-	defer putHashOpts(hashOpts)
-	var v any = vs
-	if len(vs) == 1 {
-		v = vs[0]
-	}
-	return hashstructure.Hash(v, hashOpts)
-}
-
-type keyer interface {
-	Key() string
-}
-
-// For structs, hashstructure.Hash only works on the exported fields,
-// so rewrite the input slice for known identity types.
-func toHashable(v any) any {
-	switch t := v.(type) {
-	case keyer:
-		return t.Key()
-	case identity.IdentityProvider:
-		return t.GetIdentity()
-	default:
-		return v
-	}
-}
-
-type xxhashReadFrom struct {
-	buff []byte
-	*xxhash.Digest
-}
-
-func (x *xxhashReadFrom) ReadFrom(r io.Reader) (int64, error) {
-	for {
-		n, err := r.Read(x.buff)
-		if n > 0 {
-			x.Digest.Write(x.buff[:n])
-		}
-		if err != nil {
-			if err == io.EOF {
-				err = nil
-			}
-			return int64(n), err
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-var xXhashReadFromPool = sync.Pool{
-	New: func() any {
-		return &xxhashReadFrom{Digest: xxhash.New(), buff: make([]byte, 48*1024)}
-	},
-}
-
-func getXxHashReadFrom() *xxhashReadFrom {
-	return xXhashReadFromPool.Get().(*xxhashReadFrom)
-}
-
-func putXxHashReadFrom(h *xxhashReadFrom) {
-	h.Reset()
-	xXhashReadFromPool.Put(h)
-}
--- a/common/hashing/hashing_test.go
+++ b/common/hashing/hashing_test.go
@ -1,157 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2024 The Hugo Authors. All rights reserved.
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-package hashing
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"math"
-	"strings"
-	"sync"
-	"testing"
-
-	qt "github.com/frankban/quicktest"
-)
-
-func TestXxHashFromReader(t *testing.T) {
-	c := qt.New(t)
-	s := "Hello World"
-	r := strings.NewReader(s)
-	got, size, err := XXHashFromReader(r)
-	c.Assert(err, qt.IsNil)
-	c.Assert(size, qt.Equals, int64(len(s)))
-	c.Assert(got, qt.Equals, uint64(7148569436472236994))
-}
-
-func TestXxHashFromReaderPara(t *testing.T) {
-	c := qt.New(t)
-
-	var wg sync.WaitGroup
-	for i := range 10 {
-		i := i
-		wg.Add(1)
-		go func() {
-			defer wg.Done()
-			for j := range 100 {
-				s := strings.Repeat("Hello ", i+j+1*42)
-				r := strings.NewReader(s)
-				got, size, err := XXHashFromReader(r)
-				c.Assert(size, qt.Equals, int64(len(s)))
-				c.Assert(err, qt.IsNil)
-				expect, _ := XXHashFromString(s)
-				c.Assert(got, qt.Equals, expect)
-			}
-		}()
-	}
-
-	wg.Wait()
-}
-
-func TestXxHashFromString(t *testing.T) {
-	c := qt.New(t)
-	s := "Hello World"
-	got, err := XXHashFromString(s)
-	c.Assert(err, qt.IsNil)
-	c.Assert(got, qt.Equals, uint64(7148569436472236994))
-}
-
-func TestXxHashFromStringHexEncoded(t *testing.T) {
-	c := qt.New(t)
-	s := "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog"
-	got := XxHashFromStringHexEncoded(s)
-	// Facit: https://asecuritysite.com/encryption/xxhash?val=The%20quick%20brown%20fox%20jumps%20over%20the%20lazy%20dog
-	c.Assert(got, qt.Equals, "0b242d361fda71bc")
-}
-
-func BenchmarkXXHashFromReader(b *testing.B) {
-	r := strings.NewReader("Hello World")
-	b.ResetTimer()
-	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
-		XXHashFromReader(r)
-		r.Seek(0, 0)
-	}
-}
-
-func BenchmarkXXHashFromString(b *testing.B) {
-	s := "Hello World"
-	b.ResetTimer()
-	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
-		XXHashFromString(s)
-	}
-}
-
-func BenchmarkXXHashFromStringHexEncoded(b *testing.B) {
-	s := "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog"
-	b.ResetTimer()
-	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
-		XxHashFromStringHexEncoded(s)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestHashString(t *testing.T) {
-	c := qt.New(t)
-
-	c.Assert(HashString("a", "b"), qt.Equals, "3176555414984061461")
-	c.Assert(HashString("ab"), qt.Equals, "7347350983217793633")
-
-	var vals []any = []any{"a", "b", tstKeyer{"c"}}
-
-	c.Assert(HashString(vals...), qt.Equals, "4438730547989914315")
-	c.Assert(vals[2], qt.Equals, tstKeyer{"c"})
-}
-
-type tstKeyer struct {
-	key string
-}
-
-func (t tstKeyer) Key() string {
-	return t.key
-}
-
-func (t tstKeyer) String() string {
-	return "key: " + t.key
-}
-
-func BenchmarkHashString(b *testing.B) {
-	word := " hello "
-
-	var tests []string
-
-	for i := 1; i <= 5; i++ {
-		sentence := strings.Repeat(word, int(math.Pow(4, float64(i))))
-		tests = append(tests, sentence)
-	}
-
-	b.ResetTimer()
-
-	for _, test := range tests {
-		b.Run(fmt.Sprintf("n%d", len(test)), func(b *testing.B) {
-			for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
-				HashString(test)
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-func BenchmarkHashMap(b *testing.B) {
-	m := map[string]any{}
-	for i := range 1000 {
-		m[fmt.Sprintf("key%d", i)] = i
-	}
-
-	b.ResetTimer()
-
-	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
-		HashString(m)
-	}
-}
--- a/common/herrors/error_locator.go
+++ b/common/herrors/error_locator.go
@ -152,7 +152,10 @@ func locateError(r io.Reader, le FileError, matches LineMatcherFn) *ErrorContext
 	}

 	if ectx.Position.LineNumber > 0 {
-		low := max(ectx.Position.LineNumber-3, 0)
+		low := ectx.Position.LineNumber - 3
+		if low < 0 {
+			low = 0
+		}

 		if ectx.Position.LineNumber > 2 {
 			ectx.LinesPos = 2
@ -160,7 +163,10 @@ func locateError(r io.Reader, le FileError, matches LineMatcherFn) *ErrorContext
 			ectx.LinesPos = ectx.Position.LineNumber - 1
 		}

-		high := min(ectx.Position.LineNumber+2, len(lines))
+		high := ectx.Position.LineNumber + 2
+		if high > len(lines) {
+			high = len(lines)
+		}

 		ectx.Lines = lines[low:high]

--- a/common/herrors/errors.go
+++ b/common/herrors/errors.go
@ -68,20 +68,6 @@ func (e *TimeoutError) Is(target error) bool {
 	return ok
 }

-// errMessage wraps an error with a message.
-type errMessage struct {
-	msg string
-	err error
-}
-
-func (e *errMessage) Error() string {
-	return e.msg
-}
-
-func (e *errMessage) Unwrap() error {
-	return e.err
-}
-
 // IsFeatureNotAvailableError returns true if the given error is or contains a FeatureNotAvailableError.
 func IsFeatureNotAvailableError(err error) bool {
 	return errors.Is(err, &FeatureNotAvailableError{})
@ -133,55 +119,21 @@ func IsNotExist(err error) bool {
 	return false
 }

-// IsExist returns true if the error is a file exists error.
-// Unlike os.IsExist, this also considers wrapped errors.
-func IsExist(err error) bool {
-	if os.IsExist(err) {
-		return true
-	}
-
-	// os.IsExist does not consider wrapped errors.
-	if os.IsExist(errors.Unwrap(err)) {
-		return true
-	}
-
-	return false
-}
-
 var nilPointerErrRe = regexp.MustCompile(`at <(.*)>: error calling (.*?): runtime error: invalid memory address or nil pointer dereference`)

-const deferredPrefix = "__hdeferred/"
-
-var deferredStringToRemove = regexp.MustCompile(`executing "__hdeferred/.*?" `)
-
-// ImproveRenderErr improves the error message for rendering errors.
-func ImproveRenderErr(inErr error) (outErr error) {
+func ImproveIfNilPointer(inErr error) (outErr error) {
 	outErr = inErr
-	msg := improveIfNilPointerMsg(inErr)
-	if msg != "" {
-		outErr = &errMessage{msg: msg, err: outErr}
-	}

-	if strings.Contains(inErr.Error(), deferredPrefix) {
-		msg := deferredStringToRemove.ReplaceAllString(inErr.Error(), "executing ")
-		outErr = &errMessage{msg: msg, err: outErr}
-	}
-	return
-}
-
-func improveIfNilPointerMsg(inErr error) string {
 	m := nilPointerErrRe.FindStringSubmatch(inErr.Error())
 	if len(m) == 0 {
-		return ""
+		return
 	}
 	call := m[1]
 	field := m[2]
 	parts := strings.Split(call, ".")
-	if len(parts) < 2 {
-		return ""
-	}
 	receiverName := parts[len(parts)-2]
 	receiver := strings.Join(parts[:len(parts)-1], ".")
 	s := fmt.Sprintf("– %s is nil; wrap it in if or with: {{ with %s }}{{ .%s }}{{ end }}", receiverName, receiver, field)
-	return nilPointerErrRe.ReplaceAllString(inErr.Error(), s)
+	outErr = errors.New(nilPointerErrRe.ReplaceAllString(inErr.Error(), s))
+	return
 }
--- a/common/herrors/file_error.go
+++ b/common/herrors/file_error.go
@ -20,6 +20,8 @@ import (
 	"io"
 	"path/filepath"

+	godartsassv1 "github.com/bep/godartsass"
+
 	"github.com/bep/godartsass/v2"
 	"github.com/bep/golibsass/libsass/libsasserrors"
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/common/paths"
@ -151,6 +153,8 @@ func (e *fileError) causeString() string {
 	// Avoid repeating the file info in the error message.
 	case godartsass.SassError:
 		return v.Message
+	case godartsassv1.SassError:
+		return v.Message
 	case libsasserrors.Error:
 		return v.Message
 	default:
@ -258,27 +262,8 @@ func openFile(filename string, fs afero.Fs) (afero.File, string, error) {
 	return f, realFilename, nil
 }

-// Cause returns the underlying error, that is,
-// it unwraps errors until it finds one that does not implement
-// the Unwrap method.
-// For a shallow variant, see Unwrap.
+// Cause returns the underlying error or itself if it does not implement Unwrap.
 func Cause(err error) error {
-	type unwrapper interface {
-		Unwrap() error
-	}
-
-	for err != nil {
-		cause, ok := err.(unwrapper)
-		if !ok {
-			break
-		}
-		err = cause.Unwrap()
-	}
-	return err
-}
-
-// Unwrap returns the underlying error or itself if it does not implement Unwrap.
-func Unwrap(err error) error {
 	if u := errors.Unwrap(err); u != nil {
 		return u
 	}
@ -286,7 +271,7 @@ func Unwrap(err error) error {
 }

 func extractFileTypePos(err error) (string, text.Position) {
-	err = Unwrap(err)
+	err = Cause(err)

 	var fileType string

@ -403,7 +388,14 @@ func extractPosition(e error) (pos text.Position) {
 	case godartsass.SassError:
 		span := v.Span
 		start := span.Start
-		filename, _ := paths.UrlStringToFilename(span.Url)
+		filename, _ := paths.UrlToFilename(span.Url)
+		pos.Filename = filename
+		pos.Offset = start.Offset
+		pos.ColumnNumber = start.Column
+	case godartsassv1.SassError:
+		span := v.Span
+		start := span.Start
+		filename, _ := paths.UrlToFilename(span.Url)
 		pos.Filename = filename
 		pos.Offset = start.Offset
 		pos.ColumnNumber = start.Column
--- a/common/hexec/exec.go
+++ b/common/hexec/exec.go
@ -21,14 +21,10 @@ import (
 	"io"
 	"os"
 	"os/exec"
-	"path/filepath"
 	"regexp"
 	"strings"
-	"sync"

-	"github.com/bep/logg"
-	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/common/loggers"
-	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/common/maps"
+	"github.com/cli/safeexec"
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/config"
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/config/security"
 )
@ -88,7 +84,7 @@ var WithEnviron = func(env []string) func(c *commandeer) {
 }

 // New creates a new Exec using the provided security config.
-func New(cfg security.Config, workingDir string, log loggers.Logger) *Exec {
+func New(cfg security.Config) *Exec {
 	var baseEnviron []string
 	for _, v := range os.Environ() {
 		k, _ := config.SplitEnvVar(v)
@ -99,10 +95,7 @@ func New(cfg security.Config, workingDir string, log loggers.Logger) *Exec {

 	return &Exec{
 		sc:          cfg,
-		workingDir:        workingDir,
-		infol:             log.InfoCommand("exec"),
 		baseEnviron: baseEnviron,
-		newNPXRunnerCache: maps.NewCache[string, func(arg ...any) (Runner, error)](),
 	}
 }

@ -112,27 +105,29 @@ func IsNotFound(err error) bool {
 	return errors.As(err, &notFoundErr)
 }

+// SafeCommand is a wrapper around os/exec Command which uses a LookPath
+// implementation that does not search in current directory before looking in PATH.
+// See https://github.com/cli/safeexec and the linked issues.
+func SafeCommand(name string, arg ...string) (*exec.Cmd, error) {
+	bin, err := safeexec.LookPath(name)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return exec.Command(bin, arg...), nil
+}
+
 // Exec enforces a security policy for commands run via os/exec.
 type Exec struct {
 	sc security.Config
-	workingDir string
-	infol      logg.LevelLogger

 	// os.Environ filtered by the Exec.OsEnviron whitelist filter.
 	baseEnviron []string
-
-	newNPXRunnerCache *maps.Cache[string, func(arg ...any) (Runner, error)]
-	npxInit           sync.Once
-	npxAvailable      bool
-}
-
-func (e *Exec) New(name string, arg ...any) (Runner, error) {
-	return e.new(name, "", arg...)
 }

 // New will fail if name is not allowed according to the configured security policy.
 // Else a configured Runner will be returned ready to be Run.
-func (e *Exec) new(name string, fullyQualifiedName string, arg ...any) (Runner, error) {
+func (e *Exec) New(name string, arg ...any) (Runner, error) {
 	if err := e.sc.CheckAllowedExec(name); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@ -142,111 +137,16 @@ func (e *Exec) new(name string, fullyQualifiedName string, arg ...any) (Runner,

 	cm := &commandeer{
 		name: name,
-		fullyQualifiedName: fullyQualifiedName,
 		env:  env,
 	}

 	return cm.command(arg...)
 }

-type binaryLocation int
-
-func (b binaryLocation) String() string {
-	switch b {
-	case binaryLocationNodeModules:
-		return "node_modules/.bin"
-	case binaryLocationNpx:
-		return "npx"
-	case binaryLocationPath:
-		return "PATH"
-	}
-	return "unknown"
-}
-
-const (
-	binaryLocationNodeModules binaryLocation = iota + 1
-	binaryLocationNpx
-	binaryLocationPath
-)
-
-// Npx will in order:
-// 1. Try fo find the binary in the WORKINGDIR/node_modules/.bin directory.
-// 2. If not found, and npx is available, run npx --no-install <name> <args>.
-// 3. Fall back to the PATH.
-// If name is "tailwindcss", we will try the PATH as the second option.
+// Npx is a convenience method to create a Runner running npx --no-install <name> <args.
 func (e *Exec) Npx(name string, arg ...any) (Runner, error) {
-	if err := e.sc.CheckAllowedExec(name); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	newRunner, err := e.newNPXRunnerCache.GetOrCreate(name, func() (func(...any) (Runner, error), error) {
-		type tryFunc func() func(...any) (Runner, error)
-		tryFuncs := map[binaryLocation]tryFunc{
-			binaryLocationNodeModules: func() func(...any) (Runner, error) {
-				nodeBinFilename := filepath.Join(e.workingDir, nodeModulesBinPath, name)
-				_, err := exec.LookPath(nodeBinFilename)
-				if err != nil {
-					return nil
-				}
-				return func(arg2 ...any) (Runner, error) {
-					return e.new(name, nodeBinFilename, arg2...)
-				}
-			},
-			binaryLocationNpx: func() func(...any) (Runner, error) {
-				e.checkNpx()
-				if !e.npxAvailable {
-					return nil
-				}
-				return func(arg2 ...any) (Runner, error) {
-					return e.npx(name, arg2...)
-				}
-			},
-			binaryLocationPath: func() func(...any) (Runner, error) {
-				if _, err := exec.LookPath(name); err != nil {
-					return nil
-				}
-				return func(arg2 ...any) (Runner, error) {
-					return e.New(name, arg2...)
-				}
-			},
-		}
-
-		locations := []binaryLocation{binaryLocationNodeModules, binaryLocationNpx, binaryLocationPath}
-		if name == "tailwindcss" {
-			// See https://github.com/gohugoio/hugo/issues/13221#issuecomment-2574801253
-			locations = []binaryLocation{binaryLocationNodeModules, binaryLocationPath, binaryLocationNpx}
-		}
-		for _, loc := range locations {
-			if f := tryFuncs[loc](); f != nil {
-				e.infol.Logf("resolve %q using %s", name, loc)
-				return f, nil
-			}
-		}
-		return nil, &NotFoundError{name: name, method: fmt.Sprintf("in %s", locations[len(locations)-1])}
-	})
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	return newRunner(arg...)
-}
-
-const (
-	npxNoInstall       = "--no-install"
-	npxBinary          = "npx"
-	nodeModulesBinPath = "node_modules/.bin"
-)
-
-func (e *Exec) checkNpx() {
-	e.npxInit.Do(func() {
-		e.npxAvailable = InPath(npxBinary)
-	})
-}
-
-// npx is a convenience method to create a Runner running npx --no-install <name> <args.
-func (e *Exec) npx(name string, arg ...any) (Runner, error) {
-	arg = append(arg[:0], append([]any{npxNoInstall, name}, arg[0:]...)...)
-	return e.New(npxBinary, arg...)
+	arg = append(arg[:0], append([]any{"--no-install", name}, arg[0:]...)...)
+	return e.New("npx", arg...)
 }

 // Sec returns the security policies this Exec is configured with.
@ -256,11 +156,10 @@ func (e *Exec) Sec() security.Config {

 type NotFoundError struct {
 	name string
-	method string
 }

 func (e *NotFoundError) Error() string {
-	return fmt.Sprintf("binary with name %q not found %s", e.name, e.method)
+	return fmt.Sprintf("binary with name %q not found", e.name)
 }

 // Runner wraps a *os.Cmd.
@ -283,14 +182,8 @@ func (c *cmdWrapper) Run() error {
 	if err == nil {
 		return nil
 	}
-	name := c.name
-	method := "in PATH"
-	if name == npxBinary {
-		name = c.c.Args[2]
-		method = "using npx"
-	}
 	if notFoundRe.MatchString(c.outerr.String()) {
-		return &NotFoundError{name: name, method: method}
+		return &NotFoundError{name: c.name}
 	}
 	return fmt.Errorf("failed to execute binary %q with args %v: %s", c.name, c.c.Args[1:], c.outerr.String())
 }
@ -307,7 +200,6 @@ type commandeer struct {
 	ctx    context.Context

 	name string
-	fullyQualifiedName string
 	env  []string
 }

@ -328,17 +220,10 @@ func (c *commandeer) command(arg ...any) (*cmdWrapper, error) {
 		}
 	}

-	var bin string
-	if c.fullyQualifiedName != "" {
-		bin = c.fullyQualifiedName
-	} else {
-		var err error
-		bin, err = exec.LookPath(c.name)
+	bin, err := safeexec.LookPath(c.name)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, &NotFoundError{
 			name: c.name,
-				method: "in PATH",
-			}
 		}
 	}

@ -371,7 +256,7 @@ func InPath(binaryName string) bool {
 	if strings.Contains(binaryName, "/") {
 		panic("binary name should not contain any slash")
 	}
-	_, err := exec.LookPath(binaryName)
+	_, err := safeexec.LookPath(binaryName)
 	return err == nil
 }

@ -381,7 +266,7 @@ func LookPath(binaryName string) string {
 	if strings.Contains(binaryName, "/") {
 		panic("binary name should not contain any slash")
 	}
-	s, err := exec.LookPath(binaryName)
+	s, err := safeexec.LookPath(binaryName)
 	if err != nil {
 		return ""
 	}
--- a/common/hreflect/helpers.go
+++ b/common/hreflect/helpers.go
@ -74,16 +74,6 @@ func IsTruthful(in any) bool {
 	}
 }

-// IsMap reports whether v is a map.
-func IsMap(v any) bool {
-	return reflect.ValueOf(v).Kind() == reflect.Map
-}
-
-// IsSlice reports whether v is a slice.
-func IsSlice(v any) bool {
-	return reflect.ValueOf(v).Kind() == reflect.Slice
-}
-
 var zeroType = reflect.TypeOf((*types.Zeroer)(nil)).Elem()

 // IsTruthfulValue returns whether the given value has a meaningful truth value.
@ -134,7 +124,12 @@ type methodKey struct {
 	name string
 }

-var methodCache sync.Map
+type methods struct {
+	sync.RWMutex
+	cache map[methodKey]int
+}
+
+var methodCache = &methods{cache: make(map[methodKey]int)}

 // GetMethodByName is the same as reflect.Value.MethodByName, but it caches the
 // type lookup.
@ -152,16 +147,22 @@ func GetMethodByName(v reflect.Value, name string) reflect.Value {
 // -1 if no such method exists.
 func GetMethodIndexByName(tp reflect.Type, name string) int {
 	k := methodKey{tp, name}
-	v, found := methodCache.Load(k)
+	methodCache.RLock()
+	index, found := methodCache.cache[k]
+	methodCache.RUnlock()
 	if found {
-		return v.(int)
+		return index
 	}
+
+	methodCache.Lock()
+	defer methodCache.Unlock()
+
 	m, ok := tp.MethodByName(name)
-	index := m.Index
+	index = m.Index
 	if !ok {
 		index = -1
 	}
-	methodCache.Store(k, index)
+	methodCache.cache[k] = index

 	if !ok {
 		return -1
@ -222,27 +223,6 @@ func AsTime(v reflect.Value, loc *time.Location) (time.Time, bool) {
 	return time.Time{}, false
 }

-// ToSliceAny converts the given value to a slice of any if possible.
-func ToSliceAny(v any) ([]any, bool) {
-	if v == nil {
-		return nil, false
-	}
-	switch vv := v.(type) {
-	case []any:
-		return vv, true
-	default:
-		vvv := reflect.ValueOf(v)
-		if vvv.Kind() == reflect.Slice {
-			out := make([]any, vvv.Len())
-			for i := range vvv.Len() {
-				out[i] = vvv.Index(i).Interface()
-			}
-			return out, true
-		}
-	}
-	return nil, false
-}
-
 func CallMethodByName(cxt context.Context, name string, v reflect.Value) []reflect.Value {
 	fn := v.MethodByName(name)
 	var args []reflect.Value
@ -288,8 +268,7 @@ func IsContextType(tp reflect.Type) bool {
 		return true
 	}

-	isContext, _ := isContextCache.GetOrCreate(tp, func() (bool, error) {
-		return tp.Implements(contextInterface), nil
+	return isContextCache.GetOrCreate(tp, func() bool {
+		return tp.Implements(contextInterface)
 	})
-	return isContext
 }
--- a/common/hreflect/helpers_test.go
+++ b/common/hreflect/helpers_test.go
@ -50,19 +50,6 @@ func TestIsContextType(t *testing.T) {
 	c.Assert(IsContextType(reflect.TypeOf(valueCtx)), qt.IsTrue)
 }

-func TestToSliceAny(t *testing.T) {
-	c := qt.New(t)
-
-	checkOK := func(in any, expected []any) {
-		out, ok := ToSliceAny(in)
-		c.Assert(ok, qt.Equals, true)
-		c.Assert(out, qt.DeepEquals, expected)
-	}
-
-	checkOK([]any{1, 2, 3}, []any{1, 2, 3})
-	checkOK([]int{1, 2, 3}, []any{1, 2, 3})
-}
-
 func BenchmarkIsContextType(b *testing.B) {
 	type k string
 	b.Run("value", func(b *testing.B) {
@ -134,17 +121,3 @@ func BenchmarkGetMethodByName(b *testing.B) {
 		}
 	}
 }
-
-func BenchmarkGetMethodByNamePara(b *testing.B) {
-	v := reflect.ValueOf(&testStruct{})
-	methods := []string{"Method1", "Method2", "Method3", "Method4", "Method5"}
-
-	b.ResetTimer()
-	b.RunParallel(func(pb *testing.PB) {
-		for pb.Next() {
-			for _, method := range methods {
-				_ = GetMethodByName(v, method)
-			}
-		}
-	})
-}
--- a/common/hstrings/strings.go
+++ b/common/hstrings/strings.go
@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ package hstrings
 import (
 	"fmt"
 	"regexp"
-	"slices"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"

@ -51,7 +50,12 @@ func (s StringEqualFold) Eq(s2 any) bool {

 // EqualAny returns whether a string is equal to any of the given strings.
 func EqualAny(a string, b ...string) bool {
-	return slices.Contains(b, a)
+	for _, s := range b {
+		if a == s {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
 }

 // regexpCache represents a cache of regexp objects protected by a mutex.
@ -99,7 +103,12 @@ func GetOrCompileRegexp(pattern string) (re *regexp.Regexp, err error) {
 // InSlice checks if a string is an element of a slice of strings
 // and returns a boolean value.
 func InSlice(arr []string, el string) bool {
-	return slices.Contains(arr, el)
+	for _, v := range arr {
+		if v == el {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
 }

 // InSlicEqualFold checks if a string is an element of a slice of strings
@ -128,7 +137,7 @@ func ToString(v any) (string, bool) {
 	return "", false
 }

-type (
-	Strings2 [2]string
-	Strings3 [3]string
-)
+type Tuple struct {
+	First  string
+	Second string
+}
--- a/common/hugio/hasBytesWriter.go
+++ b/common/hugio/hasBytesWriter.go
@ -17,35 +17,24 @@ import (
 	"bytes"
 )

-// HasBytesWriter is a writer will match against a slice of patterns.
+// HasBytesWriter is a writer that will set Match to true if the given pattern
+// is found in the stream.
 type HasBytesWriter struct {
-	Patterns []*HasBytesPattern
+	Match   bool
+	Pattern []byte

 	i    int
 	done bool
 	buff []byte
 }

-type HasBytesPattern struct {
-	Match   bool
-	Pattern []byte
-}
-
-func (h *HasBytesWriter) patternLen() int {
-	l := 0
-	for _, p := range h.Patterns {
-		l += len(p.Pattern)
-	}
-	return l
-}
-
 func (h *HasBytesWriter) Write(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
 	if h.done {
 		return len(p), nil
 	}

 	if len(h.buff) == 0 {
-		h.buff = make([]byte, h.patternLen()*2)
+		h.buff = make([]byte, len(h.Pattern)*2)
 	}

 	for i := range p {
@ -57,24 +46,12 @@ func (h *HasBytesWriter) Write(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
 			h.i = len(h.buff) / 2
 		}

-		for _, pp := range h.Patterns {
-			if bytes.Contains(h.buff, pp.Pattern) {
-				pp.Match = true
-				done := true
-				for _, ppp := range h.Patterns {
-					if !ppp.Match {
-						done = false
-						break
-					}
-				}
-				if done {
+		if bytes.Contains(h.buff, h.Pattern) {
+			h.Match = true
 			h.done = true
-				}
 			return len(p), nil
 		}
 	}

-	}
-
 	return len(p), nil
 }
--- a/common/hugio/hasBytesWriter_test.go
+++ b/common/hugio/hasBytesWriter_test.go
@ -34,11 +34,8 @@ func TestHasBytesWriter(t *testing.T) {
 		var b bytes.Buffer

 		h := &HasBytesWriter{
-			Patterns: []*HasBytesPattern{
-				{Pattern: []byte("__foo")},
-			},
+			Pattern: []byte("__foo"),
 		}
-
 		return h, io.MultiWriter(&b, h)
 	}

@ -46,22 +43,22 @@ func TestHasBytesWriter(t *testing.T) {
 		return strings.Repeat("ab cfo", r.Intn(33))
 	}

-	for range 22 {
+	for i := 0; i < 22; i++ {
 		h, w := neww()
-		fmt.Fprint(w, rndStr()+"abc __foobar"+rndStr())
-		c.Assert(h.Patterns[0].Match, qt.Equals, true)
+		fmt.Fprintf(w, rndStr()+"abc __foobar"+rndStr())
+		c.Assert(h.Match, qt.Equals, true)

 		h, w = neww()
-		fmt.Fprint(w, rndStr()+"abc __f")
-		fmt.Fprint(w, "oo bar"+rndStr())
-		c.Assert(h.Patterns[0].Match, qt.Equals, true)
+		fmt.Fprintf(w, rndStr()+"abc __f")
+		fmt.Fprintf(w, "oo bar"+rndStr())
+		c.Assert(h.Match, qt.Equals, true)

 		h, w = neww()
-		fmt.Fprint(w, rndStr()+"abc __moo bar")
-		c.Assert(h.Patterns[0].Match, qt.Equals, false)
+		fmt.Fprintf(w, rndStr()+"abc __moo bar")
+		c.Assert(h.Match, qt.Equals, false)
 	}

 	h, w := neww()
 	fmt.Fprintf(w, "__foo")
-	c.Assert(h.Patterns[0].Match, qt.Equals, true)
+	c.Assert(h.Match, qt.Equals, true)
 }
--- a/common/hugio/readers.go
+++ b/common/hugio/readers.go
@ -74,13 +74,13 @@ type StringReader interface {
 	ReadString() string
 }

-// NewReadSeekerNoOpCloserFromBytes uses bytes.NewReader to create a new ReadSeekerNoOpCloser
+// NewReadSeekerNoOpCloserFromString uses strings.NewReader to create a new ReadSeekerNoOpCloser
 // from the given bytes slice.
 func NewReadSeekerNoOpCloserFromBytes(content []byte) readSeekerNopCloser {
 	return readSeekerNopCloser{bytes.NewReader(content)}
 }

-// NewOpenReadSeekCloser creates a new ReadSeekCloser from the given ReadSeeker.
+// NewReadSeekCloser creates a new ReadSeekCloser from the given ReadSeeker.
 // The ReadSeeker will be seeked to the beginning before returned.
 func NewOpenReadSeekCloser(r ReadSeekCloser) OpenReadSeekCloser {
 	return func() (ReadSeekCloser, error) {
--- a/common/hugio/writers.go
+++ b/common/hugio/writers.go
@ -81,33 +81,3 @@ func ToReadCloser(r io.Reader) io.ReadCloser {
 		io.NopCloser(nil),
 	}
 }
-
-type ReadWriteCloser interface {
-	io.Reader
-	io.Writer
-	io.Closer
-}
-
-// PipeReadWriteCloser is a convenience type to create a pipe with a ReadCloser and a WriteCloser.
-type PipeReadWriteCloser struct {
-	*io.PipeReader
-	*io.PipeWriter
-}
-
-// NewPipeReadWriteCloser creates a new PipeReadWriteCloser.
-func NewPipeReadWriteCloser() PipeReadWriteCloser {
-	pr, pw := io.Pipe()
-	return PipeReadWriteCloser{pr, pw}
-}
-
-func (c PipeReadWriteCloser) Close() (err error) {
-	if err = c.PipeReader.Close(); err != nil {
-		return
-	}
-	err = c.PipeWriter.Close()
-	return
-}
-
-func (c PipeReadWriteCloser) WriteString(s string) (int, error) {
-	return c.PipeWriter.Write([]byte(s))
-}
--- a/common/hugo/hugo.go
+++ b/common/hugo/hugo.go
@ -14,7 +14,6 @@
 package hugo

 import (
-	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"html/template"
 	"os"
@ -25,13 +24,13 @@ import (
 	"sync"
 	"time"

+	godartsassv1 "github.com/bep/godartsass"
 	"github.com/bep/logg"
+	"github.com/mitchellh/mapstructure"

 	"github.com/bep/godartsass/v2"
-	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/common/hcontext"
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/common/hexec"
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/common/loggers"
-	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/common/maps"
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/hugofs/files"

 	"github.com/spf13/afero"
@ -54,8 +53,6 @@ var (
 	vendorInfo string
 )

-var _ maps.StoreProvider = (*HugoInfo)(nil)
-
 // HugoInfo contains information about the current Hugo environment
 type HugoInfo struct {
 	CommitHash string
@ -72,11 +69,6 @@ type HugoInfo struct {

 	conf ConfigProvider
 	deps []*Dependency
-
-	store *maps.Scratch
-
-	// Context gives access to some of the context scoped variables.
-	Context Context
 }

 // Version returns the current version as a comparable version string.
@ -119,10 +111,6 @@ func (i HugoInfo) Deps() []*Dependency {
 	return i.deps
 }

-func (i HugoInfo) Store() *maps.Scratch {
-	return i.store
-}
-
 // Deprecated: Use hugo.IsMultihost instead.
 func (i HugoInfo) IsMultiHost() bool {
 	Deprecate("hugo.IsMultiHost", "Use hugo.IsMultihost instead.", "v0.124.0")
@ -139,30 +127,6 @@ func (i HugoInfo) IsMultilingual() bool {
 	return i.conf.IsMultilingual()
 }

-type contextKey uint8
-
-const (
-	contextKeyMarkupScope contextKey = iota
-)
-
-var markupScope = hcontext.NewContextDispatcher[string](contextKeyMarkupScope)
-
-type Context struct{}
-
-func (c Context) MarkupScope(ctx context.Context) string {
-	return GetMarkupScope(ctx)
-}
-
-// SetMarkupScope sets the markup scope in the context.
-func SetMarkupScope(ctx context.Context, s string) context.Context {
-	return markupScope.Set(ctx, s)
-}
-
-// GetMarkupScope gets the markup scope from the context.
-func GetMarkupScope(ctx context.Context) string {
-	return markupScope.Get(ctx)
-}
-
 // ConfigProvider represents the config options that are relevant for HugoInfo.
 type ConfigProvider interface {
 	Environment() string
@ -196,7 +160,6 @@ func NewInfo(conf ConfigProvider, deps []*Dependency) HugoInfo {
 		Environment: conf.Environment(),
 		conf:        conf,
 		deps:        deps,
-		store:       maps.NewScratch(),
 		GoVersion:   goVersion,
 	}
 }
@ -313,14 +276,14 @@ func GetDependencyListNonGo() []string {
 	if IsExtended {
 		deps = append(
 			deps,
-			formatDep("github.com/sass/libsass", "3.6.6"),
+			formatDep("github.com/sass/libsass", "3.6.5"),
 			formatDep("github.com/webmproject/libwebp", "v1.3.2"),
 		)
 	}

 	if dartSass := dartSassVersion(); dartSass.ProtocolVersion != "" {
 		dartSassPath := "github.com/sass/dart-sass-embedded"
-		if IsDartSassGeV2() {
+		if IsDartSassV2() {
 			dartSassPath = "github.com/sass/dart-sass"
 		}
 		deps = append(deps,
@ -367,15 +330,22 @@ type Dependency struct {
 }

 func dartSassVersion() godartsass.DartSassVersion {
-	if DartSassBinaryName == "" || !IsDartSassGeV2() {
+	if DartSassBinaryName == "" {
 		return godartsass.DartSassVersion{}
 	}
+	if IsDartSassV2() {
 		v, _ := godartsass.Version(DartSassBinaryName)
 		return v
+	}
+
+	v, _ := godartsassv1.Version(DartSassBinaryName)
+	var vv godartsass.DartSassVersion
+	mapstructure.WeakDecode(v, &vv)
+	return vv
 }

 // DartSassBinaryName is the name of the Dart Sass binary to use.
-// TODO(bep) find a better place for this.
+// TODO(beop) find a better place for this.
 var DartSassBinaryName string

 func init() {
@ -400,10 +370,7 @@ var (
 	dartSassBinaryNamesV2 = []string{"dart-sass", "sass"}
 )

-// TODO(bep) we eventually want to remove this, but keep it for a while to throw an informative error.
-// We stopped supporting the old binary in Hugo 0.139.0.
-func IsDartSassGeV2() bool {
-	// dart-sass-embedded was the first version of the embedded Dart Sass before it was moved into the main project.
+func IsDartSassV2() bool {
 	return !strings.Contains(DartSassBinaryName, "embedded")
 }

@ -415,39 +382,22 @@ func IsDartSassGeV2() bool {
 // 2. Their theme to work for at least the last few Hugo versions.
 func Deprecate(item, alternative string, version string) {
 	level := deprecationLogLevelFromVersion(version)
-	deprecateLevel(item, alternative, version, level)
-}
-
-// See Deprecate for details.
-func DeprecateWithLogger(item, alternative string, version string, log logg.Logger) {
-	level := deprecationLogLevelFromVersion(version)
-	deprecateLevelWithLogger(item, alternative, version, level, log)
-}
-
-// DeprecateLevelMin informs about a deprecation starting at the given version, but with a minimum log level.
-func DeprecateLevelMin(item, alternative string, version string, minLevel logg.Level) {
-	level := max(deprecationLogLevelFromVersion(version), minLevel)
-	deprecateLevel(item, alternative, version, level)
-}
-
-// deprecateLevel informs about a deprecation logging at the given level.
-func deprecateLevel(item, alternative, version string, level logg.Level) {
-	deprecateLevelWithLogger(item, alternative, version, level, loggers.Log().Logger())
+	DeprecateLevel(item, alternative, version, level)
 }

 // DeprecateLevel informs about a deprecation logging at the given level.
-func deprecateLevelWithLogger(item, alternative, version string, level logg.Level, log logg.Logger) {
+func DeprecateLevel(item, alternative, version string, level logg.Level) {
 	var msg string
 	if level == logg.LevelError {
-		msg = fmt.Sprintf("%s was deprecated in Hugo %s and subsequently removed. %s", item, version, alternative)
+		msg = fmt.Sprintf("%s was deprecated in Hugo %s and will be removed in Hugo %s. %s", item, version, CurrentVersion.Next().ReleaseVersion(), alternative)
 	} else {
 		msg = fmt.Sprintf("%s was deprecated in Hugo %s and will be removed in a future release. %s", item, version, alternative)
 	}

-	log.WithLevel(level).WithField(loggers.FieldNameCmd, "deprecated").Logf("%s", msg)
+	loggers.Log().Logger().WithLevel(level).WithField(loggers.FieldNameCmd, "deprecated").Logf(msg)
 }

-// We usually do about one minor version a month.
+// We ususally do about one minor version a month.
 // We want people to run at least the current and previous version without any warnings.
 // We want people who don't update Hugo that often to see the warnings and errors before we remove the feature.
 func deprecationLogLevelFromVersion(ver string) logg.Level {
@ -455,11 +405,11 @@ func deprecationLogLevelFromVersion(ver string) logg.Level {
 	to := CurrentVersion
 	minorDiff := to.Minor - from.Minor
 	switch {
-	case minorDiff >= 15:
-		// Start failing the build after about 15 months.
+	case minorDiff >= 12:
+		// Start failing the build after about a year.
 		return logg.LevelError
-	case minorDiff >= 3:
-		// Start printing warnings after about 3 months.
+	case minorDiff >= 6:
+		// Start printing warnings after about six months.
 		return logg.LevelWarn
 	default:
 		return logg.LevelInfo
--- a/common/hugo/hugo_test.go
+++ b/common/hugo/hugo_test.go
@ -14,7 +14,6 @@
 package hugo

 import (
-	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"testing"

@ -57,29 +56,12 @@ func TestDeprecationLogLevelFromVersion(t *testing.T) {
 	c.Assert(deprecationLogLevelFromVersion("0.55.0"), qt.Equals, logg.LevelError)
 	ver := CurrentVersion
 	c.Assert(deprecationLogLevelFromVersion(ver.String()), qt.Equals, logg.LevelInfo)
-	ver.Minor -= 3
+	ver.Minor -= 1
+	c.Assert(deprecationLogLevelFromVersion(ver.String()), qt.Equals, logg.LevelInfo)
+	ver.Minor -= 6
 	c.Assert(deprecationLogLevelFromVersion(ver.String()), qt.Equals, logg.LevelWarn)
-	ver.Minor -= 4
-	c.Assert(deprecationLogLevelFromVersion(ver.String()), qt.Equals, logg.LevelWarn)
-	ver.Minor -= 13
+	ver.Minor -= 6
 	c.Assert(deprecationLogLevelFromVersion(ver.String()), qt.Equals, logg.LevelError)
-
-	// Added just to find the threshold for where we can remove deprecated items.
-	// Subtract 5 from the minor version of the first ERRORed version => 0.122.0.
-	c.Assert(deprecationLogLevelFromVersion("0.127.0"), qt.Equals, logg.LevelError)
-}
-
-func TestMarkupScope(t *testing.T) {
-	c := qt.New(t)
-
-	conf := testConfig{environment: "production", workingDir: "/mywork", running: false}
-	info := NewInfo(conf, nil)
-
-	ctx := context.Background()
-
-	ctx = SetMarkupScope(ctx, "foo")
-
-	c.Assert(info.Context.MarkupScope(ctx), qt.Equals, "foo")
 }

 type testConfig struct {
--- a/common/hugo/vars_extended.go
+++ b/common/hugo/vars_extended.go
@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 // limitations under the License.

 //go:build extended
+// +build extended

 package hugo

--- a/common/hugo/vars_regular.go
+++ b/common/hugo/vars_regular.go
@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 // limitations under the License.

 //go:build !extended
+// +build !extended

 package hugo

--- a/common/hugo/version.go
+++ b/common/hugo/version.go
@ -152,9 +152,6 @@ func BuildVersionString() string {
 	if IsExtended {
 		version += "+extended"
 	}
-	if IsWithdeploy {
-		version += "+withdeploy"
-	}

 	osArch := bi.GoOS + "/" + bi.GoArch

--- a/common/hugo/version_current.go
+++ b/common/hugo/version_current.go
@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ package hugo
 // This should be the only one.
 var CurrentVersion = Version{
 	Major:      0,
-	Minor:      148,
-	PatchLevel: 0,
-	Suffix:     "-DEV",
+	Minor:      126,
+	PatchLevel: 2,
+	Suffix:     "",
 }
--- a/common/loggers/handlersmisc.go
+++ b/common/loggers/handlersmisc.go
@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ import (
 	"sync"

 	"github.com/bep/logg"
-	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/common/hashing"
+	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/identity"
 )

 // PanicOnWarningHook panics on warnings.
@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ func (h *logOnceHandler) HandleLog(e *logg.Entry) error {
 	}
 	h.mu.Lock()
 	defer h.mu.Unlock()
-	hash := hashing.HashUint64(e.Level, e.Message, e.Fields)
+	hash := identity.HashUint64(e.Level, e.Message, e.Fields)
 	if h.seen[hash] {
 		return errStop
 	}
--- a/common/loggers/handlerterminal.go
+++ b/common/loggers/handlerterminal.go
@ -18,19 +18,18 @@ package loggers
 import (
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
-	"regexp"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"

 	"github.com/bep/logg"
 )

-// newNoAnsiEscapeHandler creates a new noAnsiEscapeHandler
-func newNoAnsiEscapeHandler(outWriter, errWriter io.Writer, noLevelPrefix bool, predicate func(*logg.Entry) bool) *noAnsiEscapeHandler {
+// newNoColoursHandler creates a new NoColoursHandler
+func newNoColoursHandler(outWriter, errWriter io.Writer, noLevelPrefix bool, predicate func(*logg.Entry) bool) *noColoursHandler {
 	if predicate == nil {
 		predicate = func(e *logg.Entry) bool { return true }
 	}
-	return &noAnsiEscapeHandler{
+	return &noColoursHandler{
 		noLevelPrefix: noLevelPrefix,
 		outWriter:     outWriter,
 		errWriter:     errWriter,
@ -38,15 +37,15 @@ func newNoAnsiEscapeHandler(outWriter, errWriter io.Writer, noLevelPrefix bool,
 	}
 }

-type noAnsiEscapeHandler struct {
+type noColoursHandler struct {
 	mu            sync.Mutex
-	outWriter     io.Writer
-	errWriter     io.Writer
+	outWriter     io.Writer // Defaults to os.Stdout.
+	errWriter     io.Writer // Defaults to os.Stderr.
 	predicate     func(*logg.Entry) bool
 	noLevelPrefix bool
 }

-func (h *noAnsiEscapeHandler) HandleLog(e *logg.Entry) error {
+func (h *noColoursHandler) HandleLog(e *logg.Entry) error {
 	if !h.predicate(e) {
 		return nil
 	}
@ -72,12 +71,10 @@ func (h *noAnsiEscapeHandler) HandleLog(e *logg.Entry) error {
 		prefix = prefix + ": "
 	}

-	msg := stripANSI(e.Message)
-
 	if h.noLevelPrefix {
-		fmt.Fprintf(w, "%s%s", prefix, msg)
+		fmt.Fprintf(w, "%s%s", prefix, e.Message)
 	} else {
-		fmt.Fprintf(w, "%s %s%s", levelString[e.Level], prefix, msg)
+		fmt.Fprintf(w, "%s %s%s", levelString[e.Level], prefix, e.Message)
 	}

 	for _, field := range e.Fields {
@ -91,10 +88,3 @@ func (h *noAnsiEscapeHandler) HandleLog(e *logg.Entry) error {

 	return nil
 }
-
-var ansiRe = regexp.MustCompile(`\x1b\[[0-9;]*m`)
-
-// stripANSI removes ANSI escape codes from s.
-func stripANSI(s string) string {
-	return ansiRe.ReplaceAllString(s, "")
-}
--- a/common/loggers/handlerterminal_test.go
+++ b/common/loggers/handlerterminal_test.go
@ -1,40 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2024 The Hugo Authors. All rights reserved.
-// Some functions in this file (see comments) is based on the Go source code,
-// copyright The Go Authors and  governed by a BSD-style license.
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-package loggers
-
-import (
-	"bytes"
-	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/bep/logg"
-	qt "github.com/frankban/quicktest"
-	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/common/terminal"
-)
-
-func TestNoAnsiEscapeHandler(t *testing.T) {
-	c := qt.New(t)
-
-	test := func(s string) {
-		c.Assert(stripANSI(terminal.Notice(s)), qt.Equals, s)
-	}
-	test(`error in "file.md:1:2"`)
-
-	var buf bytes.Buffer
-	h := newNoAnsiEscapeHandler(&buf, &buf, false, nil)
-	h.HandleLog(&logg.Entry{Message: terminal.Notice(`error in "file.md:1:2"`), Level: logg.LevelInfo})
-
-	c.Assert(buf.String(), qt.Equals, "INFO  error in \"file.md:1:2\"\n")
-}
--- a/common/loggers/logger.go
+++ b/common/loggers/logger.go
@ -38,8 +38,8 @@ var (
 // Options defines options for the logger.
 type Options struct {
 	Level              logg.Level
-	StdOut             io.Writer
-	StdErr             io.Writer
+	Stdout             io.Writer
+	Stderr             io.Writer
 	DistinctLevel      logg.Level
 	StoreErrors        bool
 	HandlerPost        func(e *logg.Entry) error
@ -48,22 +48,21 @@ type Options struct {

 // New creates a new logger with the given options.
 func New(opts Options) Logger {
-	if opts.StdOut == nil {
-		opts.StdOut = os.Stdout
+	if opts.Stdout == nil {
+		opts.Stdout = os.Stdout
 	}
-	if opts.StdErr == nil {
-		opts.StdErr = os.Stderr
+	if opts.Stderr == nil {
+		opts.Stderr = os.Stdout
 	}
-
 	if opts.Level == 0 {
 		opts.Level = logg.LevelWarn
 	}

 	var logHandler logg.Handler
-	if terminal.PrintANSIColors(os.Stderr) {
-		logHandler = newDefaultHandler(opts.StdErr, opts.StdErr)
+	if terminal.PrintANSIColors(os.Stdout) {
+		logHandler = newDefaultHandler(opts.Stdout, opts.Stderr)
 	} else {
-		logHandler = newNoAnsiEscapeHandler(opts.StdErr, opts.StdErr, false, nil)
+		logHandler = newNoColoursHandler(opts.Stdout, opts.Stderr, false, nil)
 	}

 	errorsw := &strings.Builder{}
@ -96,7 +95,7 @@ func New(opts Options) Logger {
 	}

 	if opts.StoreErrors {
-		h := newNoAnsiEscapeHandler(io.Discard, errorsw, true, func(e *logg.Entry) bool {
+		h := newNoColoursHandler(io.Discard, errorsw, true, func(e *logg.Entry) bool {
 			return e.Level >= logg.LevelError
 		})

@ -111,7 +110,7 @@ func New(opts Options) Logger {
 		logHandler = newStopHandler(logOnce, logHandler)
 	}

-	if len(opts.SuppressStatements) > 0 {
+	if opts.SuppressStatements != nil && len(opts.SuppressStatements) > 0 {
 		logHandler = newStopHandler(newSuppressStatementsHandler(opts.SuppressStatements), logHandler)
 	}

@ -138,8 +137,7 @@ func New(opts Options) Logger {
 		logCounters: logCounters,
 		errors:      errorsw,
 		reset:       reset,
-		stdOut:      opts.StdOut,
-		stdErr:      opts.StdErr,
+		out:         opts.Stdout,
 		level:       opts.Level,
 		logger:      logger,
 		tracel:      l.WithLevel(logg.LevelTrace),
@ -155,6 +153,8 @@ func NewDefault() Logger {
 	opts := Options{
 		DistinctLevel: logg.LevelWarn,
 		Level:         logg.LevelWarn,
+		Stdout:        os.Stdout,
+		Stderr:        os.Stdout,
 	}
 	return New(opts)
 }
@ -163,6 +163,8 @@ func NewTrace() Logger {
 	opts := Options{
 		DistinctLevel: logg.LevelWarn,
 		Level:         logg.LevelTrace,
+		Stdout:        os.Stdout,
+		Stderr:        os.Stdout,
 	}
 	return New(opts)
 }
@ -187,8 +189,7 @@ type Logger interface {
 	Level() logg.Level
 	LoggCount(logg.Level) int
 	Logger() logg.Logger
-	StdOut() io.Writer
-	StdErr() io.Writer
+	Out() io.Writer
 	Printf(format string, v ...any)
 	Println(v ...any)
 	PrintTimerIfDelayed(start time.Time, name string)
@ -206,8 +207,7 @@ type logAdapter struct {
 	logCounters *logLevelCounter
 	errors      *strings.Builder
 	reset       func()
-	stdOut      io.Writer
-	stdErr      io.Writer
+	out         io.Writer
 	level       logg.Level
 	logger      logg.Logger
 	tracel      logg.LevelLogger
@ -259,12 +259,8 @@ func (l *logAdapter) Logger() logg.Logger {
 	return l.logger
 }

-func (l *logAdapter) StdOut() io.Writer {
-	return l.stdOut
-}
-
-func (l *logAdapter) StdErr() io.Writer {
-	return l.stdErr
+func (l *logAdapter) Out() io.Writer {
+	return l.out
 }

 // PrintTimerIfDelayed prints a time statement to the FEEDBACK logger
@ -275,7 +271,7 @@ func (l *logAdapter) PrintTimerIfDelayed(start time.Time, name string) {
 	if milli < 500 {
 		return
 	}
-	fmt.Fprintf(l.stdErr, "%s in %v ms", name, milli)
+	l.Printf("%s in %v ms", name, milli)
 }

 func (l *logAdapter) Printf(format string, v ...any) {
@ -283,11 +279,11 @@ func (l *logAdapter) Printf(format string, v ...any) {
 	if !strings.HasSuffix(format, "\n") {
 		format += "\n"
 	}
-	fmt.Fprintf(l.stdOut, format, v...)
+	fmt.Fprintf(l.out, format, v...)
 }

 func (l *logAdapter) Println(v ...any) {
-	fmt.Fprintln(l.stdOut, v...)
+	fmt.Fprintln(l.out, v...)
 }

 func (l *logAdapter) Reset() {
@ -327,13 +323,11 @@ func (l *logAdapter) Errors() string {
 }

 func (l *logAdapter) Erroridf(id, format string, v ...any) {
-	id = strings.ToLower(id)
 	format += l.idfInfoStatement("error", id, format)
 	l.errorl.WithField(FieldNameStatementID, id).Logf(format, v...)
 }

 func (l *logAdapter) Warnidf(id, format string, v ...any) {
-	id = strings.ToLower(id)
 	format += l.idfInfoStatement("warning", id, format)
 	l.warnl.WithField(FieldNameStatementID, id).Logf(format, v...)
 }
--- a/common/loggers/logger_test.go
+++ b/common/loggers/logger_test.go
@ -31,13 +31,13 @@ func TestLogDistinct(t *testing.T) {
 	opts := loggers.Options{
 		DistinctLevel: logg.LevelWarn,
 		StoreErrors:   true,
-		StdOut:        io.Discard,
-		StdErr:        io.Discard,
+		Stdout:        io.Discard,
+		Stderr:        io.Discard,
 	}

 	l := loggers.New(opts)

-	for range 10 {
+	for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
 		l.Errorln("error 1")
 		l.Errorln("error 2")
 		l.Warnln("warn 1")
@ -54,8 +54,8 @@ func TestHookLast(t *testing.T) {
 		HandlerPost: func(e *logg.Entry) error {
 			panic(e.Message)
 		},
-		StdOut: io.Discard,
-		StdErr: io.Discard,
+		Stdout: io.Discard,
+		Stderr: io.Discard,
 	}

 	l := loggers.New(opts)
@ -70,8 +70,8 @@ func TestOptionStoreErrors(t *testing.T) {

 	opts := loggers.Options{
 		StoreErrors: true,
-		StdErr:      &sb,
-		StdOut:      &sb,
+		Stderr:      &sb,
+		Stdout:      &sb,
 	}

 	l := loggers.New(opts)
@ -131,13 +131,13 @@ func TestReset(t *testing.T) {
 	opts := loggers.Options{
 		StoreErrors:   true,
 		DistinctLevel: logg.LevelWarn,
-		StdOut:        io.Discard,
-		StdErr:        io.Discard,
+		Stdout:        io.Discard,
+		Stderr:        io.Discard,
 	}

 	l := loggers.New(opts)

-	for range 3 {
+	for i := 0; i < 3; i++ {
 		l.Errorln("error 1")
 		l.Errorln("error 2")
 		l.Errorln("error 1")
--- a/common/loggers/loggerglobal.go
+++ b/common/loggers/loggerglobal.go
@ -21,15 +21,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/bep/logg"
 )

-// SetGlobalLogger sets the global logger.
-// This is used in a few places in Hugo, e.g. deprecated functions.
-func SetGlobalLogger(logger Logger) {
-	logMu.Lock()
-	defer logMu.Unlock()
-	log = logger
-}
-
-func initGlobalLogger(level logg.Level, panicOnWarnings bool) {
+func InitGlobalLogger(level logg.Level, panicOnWarnings bool) {
 	logMu.Lock()
 	defer logMu.Unlock()
 	var logHookLast func(e *logg.Entry) error
@ -58,5 +50,5 @@ func Log() Logger {
 var log Logger

 func init() {
-	initGlobalLogger(logg.LevelWarn, false)
+	InitGlobalLogger(logg.LevelWarn, false)
 }
--- a/common/maps/cache.go
+++ b/common/maps/cache.go
@ -13,14 +13,11 @@

 package maps

-import (
-	"sync"
-)
+import "sync"

 // Cache is a simple thread safe cache backed by a map.
 type Cache[K comparable, T any] struct {
 	m map[K]T
-	hasBeenInitialized bool
 	sync.RWMutex
 }

@ -37,132 +34,44 @@ func (c *Cache[K, T]) Get(key K) (T, bool) {
 		return zero, false
 	}
 	c.RLock()
-	v, found := c.get(key)
-	c.RUnlock()
-	return v, found
-}
-
-func (c *Cache[K, T]) get(key K) (T, bool) {
 	v, found := c.m[key]
+	c.RUnlock()
 	return v, found
 }

 // GetOrCreate gets the value for the given key if it exists, or creates it if not.
-func (c *Cache[K, T]) GetOrCreate(key K, create func() (T, error)) (T, error) {
+func (c *Cache[K, T]) GetOrCreate(key K, create func() T) T {
 	c.RLock()
 	v, found := c.m[key]
 	c.RUnlock()
 	if found {
-		return v, nil
+		return v
 	}
 	c.Lock()
 	defer c.Unlock()
 	v, found = c.m[key]
 	if found {
-		return v, nil
-	}
-	v, err := create()
-	if err != nil {
-		return v, err
+		return v
 	}
+	v = create()
 	c.m[key] = v
-	return v, nil
-}
-
-// Contains returns whether the given key exists in the cache.
-func (c *Cache[K, T]) Contains(key K) bool {
-	c.RLock()
-	_, found := c.m[key]
-	c.RUnlock()
-	return found
-}
-
-// InitAndGet initializes the cache if not already done and returns the value for the given key.
-// The init state will be reset on Reset or Drain.
-func (c *Cache[K, T]) InitAndGet(key K, init func(get func(key K) (T, bool), set func(key K, value T)) error) (T, error) {
-	var v T
-	c.RLock()
-	if !c.hasBeenInitialized {
-		c.RUnlock()
-		if err := func() error {
-			c.Lock()
-			defer c.Unlock()
-			// Double check in case another goroutine has initialized it in the meantime.
-			if !c.hasBeenInitialized {
-				err := init(c.get, c.set)
-				if err != nil {
-					return err
-				}
-				c.hasBeenInitialized = true
-			}
-			return nil
-		}(); err != nil {
-			return v, err
-		}
-		// Reacquire the read lock.
-		c.RLock()
-	}
-
-	v = c.m[key]
-	c.RUnlock()
-
-	return v, nil
+	return v
 }

 // Set sets the given key to the given value.
 func (c *Cache[K, T]) Set(key K, value T) {
 	c.Lock()
-	c.set(key, value)
-	c.Unlock()
-}
-
-// SetIfAbsent sets the given key to the given value if the key does not already exist in the cache.
-func (c *Cache[K, T]) SetIfAbsent(key K, value T) {
-	c.RLock()
-	if _, found := c.get(key); !found {
-		c.RUnlock()
-		c.Set(key, value)
-	} else {
-		c.RUnlock()
-	}
-}
-
-func (c *Cache[K, T]) set(key K, value T) {
 	c.m[key] = value
+	c.Unlock()
 }

 // ForEeach calls the given function for each key/value pair in the cache.
-// If the function returns false, the iteration stops.
-func (c *Cache[K, T]) ForEeach(f func(K, T) bool) {
+func (c *Cache[K, T]) ForEeach(f func(K, T)) {
 	c.RLock()
 	defer c.RUnlock()
 	for k, v := range c.m {
-		if !f(k, v) {
-			return
+		f(k, v)
 	}
-	}
-}
-
-func (c *Cache[K, T]) Drain() map[K]T {
-	c.Lock()
-	m := c.m
-	c.m = make(map[K]T)
-	c.hasBeenInitialized = false
-	c.Unlock()
-	return m
-}
-
-func (c *Cache[K, T]) Len() int {
-	c.RLock()
-	defer c.RUnlock()
-	return len(c.m)
-}
-
-func (c *Cache[K, T]) Reset() {
-	c.Lock()
-	clear(c.m)
-	c.hasBeenInitialized = false
-	c.Unlock()
 }

 // SliceCache is a simple thread safe cache backed by a map.
--- a/common/maps/maps.go
+++ b/common/maps/maps.go
@ -112,17 +112,17 @@ func ToSliceStringMap(in any) ([]map[string]any, error) {
 }

 // LookupEqualFold finds key in m with case insensitive equality checks.
-func LookupEqualFold[T any | string](m map[string]T, key string) (T, string, bool) {
+func LookupEqualFold[T any | string](m map[string]T, key string) (T, bool) {
 	if v, found := m[key]; found {
-		return v, key, true
+		return v, true
 	}
 	for k, v := range m {
 		if strings.EqualFold(k, key) {
-			return v, k, true
+			return v, true
 		}
 	}
 	var s T
-	return s, "", false
+	return s, false
 }

 // MergeShallow merges src into dst, but only if the key does not already exist in dst.
--- a/common/maps/maps_test.go
+++ b/common/maps/maps_test.go
@ -73,14 +73,10 @@ func TestPrepareParams(t *testing.T) {
 	for i, test := range tests {
 		t.Run(fmt.Sprint(i), func(t *testing.T) {
 			// PrepareParams modifies input.
-			prepareClone := PrepareParamsClone(test.input)
 			PrepareParams(test.input)
 			if !reflect.DeepEqual(test.expected, test.input) {
 				t.Errorf("[%d] Expected\n%#v, got\n%#v\n", i, test.expected, test.input)
 			}
-			if !reflect.DeepEqual(test.expected, prepareClone) {
-				t.Errorf("[%d] Expected\n%#v, got\n%#v\n", i, test.expected, prepareClone)
-			}
 		})
 	}
 }
@ -184,18 +180,16 @@ func TestLookupEqualFold(t *testing.T) {
 		"B": "bv",
 	}

-	v, k, found := LookupEqualFold(m1, "b")
+	v, found := LookupEqualFold(m1, "b")
 	c.Assert(found, qt.IsTrue)
 	c.Assert(v, qt.Equals, "bv")
-	c.Assert(k, qt.Equals, "B")

 	m2 := map[string]string{
 		"a": "av",
 		"B": "bv",
 	}

-	v, k, found = LookupEqualFold(m2, "b")
+	v, found = LookupEqualFold(m2, "b")
 	c.Assert(found, qt.IsTrue)
-	c.Assert(k, qt.Equals, "B")
 	c.Assert(v, qt.Equals, "bv")
 }
--- a/common/maps/ordered.go
+++ b/common/maps/ordered.go
@ -1,144 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2024 The Hugo Authors. All rights reserved.
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-package maps
-
-import (
-	"slices"
-
-	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/common/hashing"
-)
-
-// Ordered is a map that can be iterated in the order of insertion.
-// Note that insertion order is not affected if a key is re-inserted into the map.
-// In a nil map, all operations are no-ops.
-// This is not thread safe.
-type Ordered[K comparable, T any] struct {
-	// The keys in the order they were added.
-	keys []K
-	// The values.
-	values map[K]T
-}
-
-// NewOrdered creates a new Ordered map.
-func NewOrdered[K comparable, T any]() *Ordered[K, T] {
-	return &Ordered[K, T]{values: make(map[K]T)}
-}
-
-// Set sets the value for the given key.
-// Note that insertion order is not affected if a key is re-inserted into the map.
-func (m *Ordered[K, T]) Set(key K, value T) {
-	if m == nil {
-		return
-	}
-	// Check if key already exists.
-	if _, found := m.values[key]; !found {
-		m.keys = append(m.keys, key)
-	}
-	m.values[key] = value
-}
-
-// Get gets the value for the given key.
-func (m *Ordered[K, T]) Get(key K) (T, bool) {
-	if m == nil {
-		var v T
-		return v, false
-	}
-	value, found := m.values[key]
-	return value, found
-}
-
-// Has returns whether the given key exists in the map.
-func (m *Ordered[K, T]) Has(key K) bool {
-	if m == nil {
-		return false
-	}
-	_, found := m.values[key]
-	return found
-}
-
-// Delete deletes the value for the given key.
-func (m *Ordered[K, T]) Delete(key K) {
-	if m == nil {
-		return
-	}
-	delete(m.values, key)
-	for i, k := range m.keys {
-		if k == key {
-			m.keys = slices.Delete(m.keys, i, i+1)
-			break
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-// Clone creates a shallow copy of the map.
-func (m *Ordered[K, T]) Clone() *Ordered[K, T] {
-	if m == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-	clone := NewOrdered[K, T]()
-	for _, k := range m.keys {
-		clone.Set(k, m.values[k])
-	}
-	return clone
-}
-
-// Keys returns the keys in the order they were added.
-func (m *Ordered[K, T]) Keys() []K {
-	if m == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-	return m.keys
-}
-
-// Values returns the values in the order they were added.
-func (m *Ordered[K, T]) Values() []T {
-	if m == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-	var values []T
-	for _, k := range m.keys {
-		values = append(values, m.values[k])
-	}
-	return values
-}
-
-// Len returns the number of items in the map.
-func (m *Ordered[K, T]) Len() int {
-	if m == nil {
-		return 0
-	}
-	return len(m.keys)
-}
-
-// Range calls f sequentially for each key and value present in the map.
-// If f returns false, range stops the iteration.
-// TODO(bep) replace with iter.Seq2 when we bump go Go 1.24.
-func (m *Ordered[K, T]) Range(f func(key K, value T) bool) {
-	if m == nil {
-		return
-	}
-	for _, k := range m.keys {
-		if !f(k, m.values[k]) {
-			return
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-// Hash calculates a hash from the values.
-func (m *Ordered[K, T]) Hash() (uint64, error) {
-	if m == nil {
-		return 0, nil
-	}
-	return hashing.Hash(m.values)
-}
--- a/common/maps/ordered_test.go
+++ b/common/maps/ordered_test.go
@ -1,99 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2024 The Hugo Authors. All rights reserved.
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-package maps
-
-import (
-	"testing"
-
-	qt "github.com/frankban/quicktest"
-)
-
-func TestOrdered(t *testing.T) {
-	c := qt.New(t)
-
-	m := NewOrdered[string, int]()
-	m.Set("a", 1)
-	m.Set("b", 2)
-	m.Set("c", 3)
-
-	c.Assert(m.Keys(), qt.DeepEquals, []string{"a", "b", "c"})
-	c.Assert(m.Values(), qt.DeepEquals, []int{1, 2, 3})
-
-	v, found := m.Get("b")
-	c.Assert(found, qt.Equals, true)
-	c.Assert(v, qt.Equals, 2)
-
-	m.Set("b", 22)
-	c.Assert(m.Keys(), qt.DeepEquals, []string{"a", "b", "c"})
-	c.Assert(m.Values(), qt.DeepEquals, []int{1, 22, 3})
-
-	m.Delete("b")
-
-	c.Assert(m.Keys(), qt.DeepEquals, []string{"a", "c"})
-	c.Assert(m.Values(), qt.DeepEquals, []int{1, 3})
-}
-
-func TestOrderedHash(t *testing.T) {
-	c := qt.New(t)
-
-	m := NewOrdered[string, int]()
-	m.Set("a", 1)
-	m.Set("b", 2)
-	m.Set("c", 3)
-
-	h1, err := m.Hash()
-	c.Assert(err, qt.IsNil)
-
-	m.Set("d", 4)
-
-	h2, err := m.Hash()
-	c.Assert(err, qt.IsNil)
-
-	c.Assert(h1, qt.Not(qt.Equals), h2)
-
-	m = NewOrdered[string, int]()
-	m.Set("b", 2)
-	m.Set("a", 1)
-	m.Set("c", 3)
-
-	h3, err := m.Hash()
-	c.Assert(err, qt.IsNil)
-	// Order does not matter.
-	c.Assert(h1, qt.Equals, h3)
-}
-
-func TestOrderedNil(t *testing.T) {
-	c := qt.New(t)
-
-	var m *Ordered[string, int]
-
-	m.Set("a", 1)
-	c.Assert(m.Keys(), qt.IsNil)
-	c.Assert(m.Values(), qt.IsNil)
-	v, found := m.Get("a")
-	c.Assert(found, qt.Equals, false)
-	c.Assert(v, qt.Equals, 0)
-	m.Delete("a")
-	var b bool
-	m.Range(func(k string, v int) bool {
-		b = true
-		return true
-	})
-	c.Assert(b, qt.Equals, false)
-	c.Assert(m.Len(), qt.Equals, 0)
-	c.Assert(m.Clone(), qt.IsNil)
-	h, err := m.Hash()
-	c.Assert(err, qt.IsNil)
-	c.Assert(h, qt.Equals, uint64(0))
-}
--- a/common/maps/params.go
+++ b/common/maps/params.go
@ -303,7 +303,7 @@ func toMergeStrategy(v any) ParamsMergeStrategy {
 }

 // PrepareParams
-// * makes all the keys in the given map lower cased and will do so recursively.
+// * makes all the keys in the given map lower cased and will do so
 // * This will modify the map given.
 // * Any nested map[interface{}]interface{}, map[string]interface{},map[string]string  will be converted to Params.
 // * Any _merge value will be converted to proper type and value.
@ -343,42 +343,3 @@ func PrepareParams(m Params) {
 		}
 	}
 }
-
-// PrepareParamsClone is like PrepareParams, but it does not modify the input.
-func PrepareParamsClone(m Params) Params {
-	m2 := make(Params)
-	for k, v := range m {
-		var retyped bool
-		lKey := strings.ToLower(k)
-		if lKey == MergeStrategyKey {
-			v = toMergeStrategy(v)
-			retyped = true
-		} else {
-			switch vv := v.(type) {
-			case map[any]any:
-				var p Params = cast.ToStringMap(v)
-				v = PrepareParamsClone(p)
-				retyped = true
-			case map[string]any:
-				var p Params = v.(map[string]any)
-				v = PrepareParamsClone(p)
-				retyped = true
-			case map[string]string:
-				p := make(Params)
-				for k, v := range vv {
-					p[k] = v
-				}
-				v = p
-				PrepareParams(p)
-				retyped = true
-			}
-		}
-
-		if retyped || k != lKey {
-			m2[lKey] = v
-		} else {
-			m2[k] = v
-		}
-	}
-	return m2
-}
--- a/common/maps/scratch.go
+++ b/common/maps/scratch.go
@ -22,18 +22,31 @@ import (
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/common/math"
 )

-type StoreProvider interface {
-	// Store returns a Scratch that can be used to store temporary state.
-	// Store is not reset on server rebuilds.
-	Store() *Scratch
-}
-
-// Scratch is a writable context used for stateful build operations
+// Scratch is a writable context used for stateful operations in Page/Node rendering.
 type Scratch struct {
 	values map[string]any
 	mu     sync.RWMutex
 }

+// Scratcher provides a scratching service.
+type Scratcher interface {
+	// Scratch returns a "scratch pad" that can be used to store state.
+	Scratch() *Scratch
+}
+
+type scratcher struct {
+	s *Scratch
+}
+
+func (s scratcher) Scratch() *Scratch {
+	return s.s
+}
+
+// NewScratcher creates a new Scratcher.
+func NewScratcher() Scratcher {
+	return scratcher{s: NewScratch()}
+}
+
 // Add will, for single values, add (using the + operator) the addend to the existing addend (if found).
 // Supports numeric values and strings.
 //
--- a/common/maps/scratch_test.go
+++ b/common/maps/scratch_test.go
@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ func TestScratchInParallel(t *testing.T) {
 	for i := 1; i <= 10; i++ {
 		wg.Add(1)
 		go func(j int) {
-			for k := range 10 {
+			for k := 0; k < 10; k++ {
 				newVal := int64(k + j)

 				_, err := scratch.Add(key, newVal)
@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ func TestScratchSetInMap(t *testing.T) {
 	scratch.SetInMap("key", "zyx", "Zyx")
 	scratch.SetInMap("key", "abc", "Abc (updated)")
 	scratch.SetInMap("key", "def", "Def")
-	c.Assert(scratch.GetSortedMapValues("key"), qt.DeepEquals, any([]any{"Abc (updated)", "Def", "Lux", "Zyx"}))
+	c.Assert(scratch.GetSortedMapValues("key"), qt.DeepEquals, []any{0: "Abc (updated)", 1: "Def", 2: "Lux", 3: "Zyx"})
 }

 func TestScratchDeleteInMap(t *testing.T) {
@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ func TestScratchDeleteInMap(t *testing.T) {
 	scratch.DeleteInMap("key", "abc")
 	scratch.SetInMap("key", "def", "Def")
 	scratch.DeleteInMap("key", "lmn") // Do nothing
-	c.Assert(scratch.GetSortedMapValues("key"), qt.DeepEquals, any([]any{"Def", "Lux", "Zyx"}))
+	c.Assert(scratch.GetSortedMapValues("key"), qt.DeepEquals, []any{0: "Def", 1: "Lux", 2: "Zyx"})
 }

 func TestScratchGetSortedMapValues(t *testing.T) {
--- a/common/math/math.go
+++ b/common/math/math.go
@ -26,32 +26,29 @@ func DoArithmetic(a, b any, op rune) (any, error) {
 	var ai, bi int64
 	var af, bf float64
 	var au, bu uint64
-	var isInt, isFloat, isUint bool
 	switch av.Kind() {
 	case reflect.Int, reflect.Int8, reflect.Int16, reflect.Int32, reflect.Int64:
 		ai = av.Int()
 		switch bv.Kind() {
 		case reflect.Int, reflect.Int8, reflect.Int16, reflect.Int32, reflect.Int64:
-			isInt = true
 			bi = bv.Int()
 		case reflect.Float32, reflect.Float64:
-			isFloat = true
 			af = float64(ai) // may overflow
+			ai = 0
 			bf = bv.Float()
 		case reflect.Uint, reflect.Uint8, reflect.Uint16, reflect.Uint32, reflect.Uint64:
 			bu = bv.Uint()
 			if ai >= 0 {
-				isUint = true
 				au = uint64(ai)
+				ai = 0
 			} else {
-				isInt = true
 				bi = int64(bu) // may overflow
+				bu = 0
 			}
 		default:
 			return nil, errors.New("can't apply the operator to the values")
 		}
 	case reflect.Float32, reflect.Float64:
-		isFloat = true
 		af = av.Float()
 		switch bv.Kind() {
 		case reflect.Int, reflect.Int8, reflect.Int16, reflect.Int32, reflect.Int64:
@ -69,18 +66,17 @@ func DoArithmetic(a, b any, op rune) (any, error) {
 		case reflect.Int, reflect.Int8, reflect.Int16, reflect.Int32, reflect.Int64:
 			bi = bv.Int()
 			if bi >= 0 {
-				isUint = true
 				bu = uint64(bi)
+				bi = 0
 			} else {
-				isInt = true
 				ai = int64(au) // may overflow
+				au = 0
 			}
 		case reflect.Float32, reflect.Float64:
-			isFloat = true
 			af = float64(au) // may overflow
+			au = 0
 			bf = bv.Float()
 		case reflect.Uint, reflect.Uint8, reflect.Uint16, reflect.Uint32, reflect.Uint64:
-			isUint = true
 			bu = bv.Uint()
 		default:
 			return nil, errors.New("can't apply the operator to the values")
@ -98,32 +94,38 @@ func DoArithmetic(a, b any, op rune) (any, error) {

 	switch op {
 	case '+':
-		if isInt {
+		if ai != 0 || bi != 0 {
 			return ai + bi, nil
-		} else if isFloat {
+		} else if af != 0 || bf != 0 {
 			return af + bf, nil
-		}
+		} else if au != 0 || bu != 0 {
 			return au + bu, nil
+		}
+		return 0, nil
 	case '-':
-		if isInt {
+		if ai != 0 || bi != 0 {
 			return ai - bi, nil
-		} else if isFloat {
+		} else if af != 0 || bf != 0 {
 			return af - bf, nil
-		}
+		} else if au != 0 || bu != 0 {
 			return au - bu, nil
-	case '*':
-		if isInt {
-			return ai * bi, nil
-		} else if isFloat {
-			return af * bf, nil
 		}
+		return 0, nil
+	case '*':
+		if ai != 0 || bi != 0 {
+			return ai * bi, nil
+		} else if af != 0 || bf != 0 {
+			return af * bf, nil
+		} else if au != 0 || bu != 0 {
 			return au * bu, nil
+		}
+		return 0, nil
 	case '/':
-		if isInt && bi != 0 {
+		if bi != 0 {
 			return ai / bi, nil
-		} else if isFloat && bf != 0 {
+		} else if bf != 0 {
 			return af / bf, nil
-		} else if isUint && bu != 0 {
+		} else if bu != 0 {
 			return au / bu, nil
 		}
 		return nil, errors.New("can't divide the value by 0")
--- a/common/math/math_test.go
+++ b/common/math/math_test.go
@ -30,12 +30,10 @@ func TestDoArithmetic(t *testing.T) {
 		expect any
 	}{
 		{3, 2, '+', int64(5)},
-		{0, 0, '+', int64(0)},
 		{3, 2, '-', int64(1)},
 		{3, 2, '*', int64(6)},
 		{3, 2, '/', int64(1)},
 		{3.0, 2, '+', float64(5)},
-		{0.0, 0, '+', float64(0.0)},
 		{3.0, 2, '-', float64(1)},
 		{3.0, 2, '*', float64(6)},
 		{3.0, 2, '/', float64(1.5)},
@ -44,22 +42,18 @@ func TestDoArithmetic(t *testing.T) {
 		{3, 2.0, '*', float64(6)},
 		{3, 2.0, '/', float64(1.5)},
 		{3.0, 2.0, '+', float64(5)},
-		{0.0, 0.0, '+', float64(0.0)},
 		{3.0, 2.0, '-', float64(1)},
 		{3.0, 2.0, '*', float64(6)},
 		{3.0, 2.0, '/', float64(1.5)},
 		{uint(3), uint(2), '+', uint64(5)},
-		{uint(0), uint(0), '+', uint64(0)},
 		{uint(3), uint(2), '-', uint64(1)},
 		{uint(3), uint(2), '*', uint64(6)},
 		{uint(3), uint(2), '/', uint64(1)},
 		{uint(3), 2, '+', uint64(5)},
-		{uint(0), 0, '+', uint64(0)},
 		{uint(3), 2, '-', uint64(1)},
 		{uint(3), 2, '*', uint64(6)},
 		{uint(3), 2, '/', uint64(1)},
 		{3, uint(2), '+', uint64(5)},
-		{0, uint(0), '+', uint64(0)},
 		{3, uint(2), '-', uint64(1)},
 		{3, uint(2), '*', uint64(6)},
 		{3, uint(2), '/', uint64(1)},
@ -72,15 +66,16 @@ func TestDoArithmetic(t *testing.T) {
 		{-3, uint(2), '*', int64(-6)},
 		{-3, uint(2), '/', int64(-1)},
 		{uint(3), 2.0, '+', float64(5)},
-		{uint(0), 0.0, '+', float64(0)},
 		{uint(3), 2.0, '-', float64(1)},
 		{uint(3), 2.0, '*', float64(6)},
 		{uint(3), 2.0, '/', float64(1.5)},
 		{3.0, uint(2), '+', float64(5)},
-		{0.0, uint(0), '+', float64(0)},
 		{3.0, uint(2), '-', float64(1)},
 		{3.0, uint(2), '*', float64(6)},
 		{3.0, uint(2), '/', float64(1.5)},
+		{0, 0, '+', 0},
+		{0, 0, '-', 0},
+		{0, 0, '*', 0},
 		{"foo", "bar", '+', "foobar"},
 		{3, 0, '/', false},
 		{3.0, 0, '/', false},
--- a/common/para/para_test.go
+++ b/common/para/para_test.go
@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ func TestPara(t *testing.T) {
 	c.Run("Order", func(c *qt.C) {
 		n := 500
 		ints := make([]int, n)
-		for i := range n {
+		for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
 			ints[i] = i
 		}

@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ func TestPara(t *testing.T) {

 		var result []int
 		var mu sync.Mutex
-		for i := range n {
+		for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
 			i := i
 			r.Run(func() error {
 				mu.Lock()
@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ func TestPara(t *testing.T) {

 		var counter int64

-		for range n {
+		for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
 			r.Run(func() error {
 				atomic.AddInt64(&counter, 1)
 				time.Sleep(1 * time.Millisecond)
--- a/common/paths/path.go
+++ b/common/paths/path.go
@ -237,17 +237,12 @@ func prettifyPath(in string, b filepathPathBridge) string {
 	return b.Join(b.Dir(in), name, "index"+ext)
 }

-// CommonDirPath returns the common directory of the given paths.
-func CommonDirPath(path1, path2 string) string {
+// CommonDir returns the common directory of the given paths.
+func CommonDir(path1, path2 string) string {
 	if path1 == "" || path2 == "" {
 		return ""
 	}

-	hadLeadingSlash := strings.HasPrefix(path1, "/") || strings.HasPrefix(path2, "/")
-
-	path1 = TrimLeading(path1)
-	path2 = TrimLeading(path2)
-
 	p1 := strings.Split(path1, "/")
 	p2 := strings.Split(path2, "/")

@ -261,13 +256,7 @@ func CommonDirPath(path1, path2 string) string {
 		}
 	}

-	s := strings.Join(common, "/")
-
-	if hadLeadingSlash && s != "" {
-		s = "/" + s
-	}
-
-	return s
+	return strings.Join(common, "/")
 }

 // Sanitize sanitizes string to be used in Hugo's file paths and URLs, allowing only
@ -395,27 +384,12 @@ func PathEscape(pth string) string {

 // ToSlashTrimLeading is just a filepath.ToSlash with an added / prefix trimmer.
 func ToSlashTrimLeading(s string) string {
-	return TrimLeading(filepath.ToSlash(s))
-}
-
-// TrimLeading trims the leading slash from the given string.
-func TrimLeading(s string) string {
-	return strings.TrimPrefix(s, "/")
+	return strings.TrimPrefix(filepath.ToSlash(s), "/")
 }

 // ToSlashTrimTrailing is just a filepath.ToSlash with an added / suffix trimmer.
 func ToSlashTrimTrailing(s string) string {
-	return TrimTrailing(filepath.ToSlash(s))
-}
-
-// TrimTrailing trims the trailing slash from the given string.
-func TrimTrailing(s string) string {
-	return strings.TrimSuffix(s, "/")
-}
-
-// ToSlashTrim trims any leading and trailing slashes from the given string and converts it to a forward slash separated path.
-func ToSlashTrim(s string) string {
-	return strings.Trim(filepath.ToSlash(s), "/")
+	return strings.TrimSuffix(filepath.ToSlash(s), "/")
 }

 // ToSlashPreserveLeading converts the path given to a forward slash separated path
@ -423,8 +397,3 @@ func ToSlashTrim(s string) string {
 func ToSlashPreserveLeading(s string) string {
 	return "/" + strings.Trim(filepath.ToSlash(s), "/")
 }
-
-// IsSameFilePath checks if s1 and s2 are the same file path.
-func IsSameFilePath(s1, s2 string) bool {
-	return path.Clean(ToSlashTrim(s1)) == path.Clean(ToSlashTrim(s2))
-}
--- a/common/paths/path_test.go
+++ b/common/paths/path_test.go
@ -262,52 +262,3 @@ func TestFieldsSlash(t *testing.T) {
 	c.Assert(FieldsSlash("/"), qt.DeepEquals, []string{})
 	c.Assert(FieldsSlash(""), qt.DeepEquals, []string{})
 }
-
-func TestCommonDirPath(t *testing.T) {
-	c := qt.New(t)
-
-	for _, this := range []struct {
-		a, b, expected string
-	}{
-		{"/a/b/c", "/a/b/d", "/a/b"},
-		{"/a/b/c", "a/b/d", "/a/b"},
-		{"a/b/c", "/a/b/d", "/a/b"},
-		{"a/b/c", "a/b/d", "a/b"},
-		{"/a/b/c", "/a/b/c", "/a/b/c"},
-		{"/a/b/c", "/a/b/c/d", "/a/b/c"},
-		{"/a/b/c", "/a/b", "/a/b"},
-		{"/a/b/c", "/a", "/a"},
-		{"/a/b/c", "/d/e/f", ""},
-	} {
-		c.Assert(CommonDirPath(this.a, this.b), qt.Equals, this.expected, qt.Commentf("a: %s b: %s", this.a, this.b))
-	}
-}
-
-func TestIsSameFilePath(t *testing.T) {
-	c := qt.New(t)
-
-	for _, this := range []struct {
-		a, b     string
-		expected bool
-	}{
-		{"/a/b/c", "/a/b/c", true},
-		{"/a/b/c", "/a/b/c/", true},
-		{"/a/b/c", "/a/b/d", false},
-		{"/a/b/c", "/a/b", false},
-		{"/a/b/c", "/a/b/c/d", false},
-		{"/a/b/c", "/a/b/cd", false},
-		{"/a/b/c", "/a/b/cc", false},
-		{"/a/b/c", "/a/b/c/", true},
-		{"/a/b/c", "/a/b/c//", true},
-		{"/a/b/c", "/a/b/c/.", true},
-		{"/a/b/c", "/a/b/c/./", true},
-		{"/a/b/c", "/a/b/c/./.", true},
-		{"/a/b/c", "/a/b/c/././", true},
-		{"/a/b/c", "/a/b/c/././.", true},
-		{"/a/b/c", "/a/b/c/./././", true},
-		{"/a/b/c", "/a/b/c/./././.", true},
-		{"/a/b/c", "/a/b/c/././././", true},
-	} {
-		c.Assert(IsSameFilePath(filepath.FromSlash(this.a), filepath.FromSlash(this.b)), qt.Equals, this.expected, qt.Commentf("a: %s b: %s", this.a, this.b))
-	}
-}
--- a/common/paths/pathparser.go
+++ b/common/paths/pathparser.go
@ -23,11 +23,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/common/types"
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/hugofs/files"
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/identity"
-	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/resources/kinds"
-)
-
-const (
-	identifierBaseof = "baseof"
 )

 // PathParser parses a path into a Path.
@ -38,10 +33,6 @@ type PathParser struct {
 	// Reports whether the given language is disabled.
 	IsLangDisabled func(string) bool

-	// IsOutputFormat reports whether the given name is a valid output format.
-	// The second argument is optional.
-	IsOutputFormat func(name, ext string) bool
-
 	// Reports whether the given ext is a content file.
 	IsContentExt func(string) bool
 }
@ -92,10 +83,13 @@ func (pp *PathParser) Parse(c, s string) *Path {
 }

 func (pp *PathParser) newPath(component string) *Path {
-	p := &Path{}
-	p.reset()
-	p.component = component
-	return p
+	return &Path{
+		component:             component,
+		posContainerLow:       -1,
+		posContainerHigh:      -1,
+		posSectionHigh:        -1,
+		posIdentifierLanguage: -1,
+	}
 }

 func (pp *PathParser) parse(component, s string) (*Path, error) {
@ -120,101 +114,10 @@ func (pp *PathParser) parse(component, s string) (*Path, error) {
 	return p, nil
 }

-func (pp *PathParser) parseIdentifier(component, s string, p *Path, i, lastDot, numDots int, isLast bool) {
-	if p.posContainerHigh != -1 {
-		return
-	}
-	mayHaveLang := numDots > 1 && p.posIdentifierLanguage == -1 && pp.LanguageIndex != nil
-	mayHaveLang = mayHaveLang && (component == files.ComponentFolderContent || component == files.ComponentFolderLayouts)
-	mayHaveOutputFormat := component == files.ComponentFolderLayouts
-	mayHaveKind := p.posIdentifierKind == -1 && mayHaveOutputFormat
-	var mayHaveLayout bool
-	if p.pathType == TypeShortcode {
-		mayHaveLayout = !isLast && component == files.ComponentFolderLayouts
-	} else {
-		mayHaveLayout = component == files.ComponentFolderLayouts
-	}
-
-	var found bool
-	var high int
-	if len(p.identifiersKnown) > 0 {
-		high = lastDot
-	} else {
-		high = len(p.s)
-	}
-	id := types.LowHigh[string]{Low: i + 1, High: high}
-	sid := p.s[id.Low:id.High]
-
-	if len(p.identifiersKnown) == 0 {
-		// The first is always the extension.
-		p.identifiersKnown = append(p.identifiersKnown, id)
-		found = true
-
-		// May also be the output format.
-		if mayHaveOutputFormat && pp.IsOutputFormat(sid, "") {
-			p.posIdentifierOutputFormat = 0
-		}
-	} else {
-
-		var langFound bool
-
-		if mayHaveLang {
-			var disabled bool
-			_, langFound = pp.LanguageIndex[sid]
-			if !langFound {
-				disabled = pp.IsLangDisabled != nil && pp.IsLangDisabled(sid)
-				if disabled {
-					p.disabled = true
-					langFound = true
-				}
-			}
-			found = langFound
-			if langFound {
-				p.identifiersKnown = append(p.identifiersKnown, id)
-				p.posIdentifierLanguage = len(p.identifiersKnown) - 1
-			}
-		}
-
-		if !found && mayHaveOutputFormat {
-			// At this point we may already have resolved an output format,
-			// but we need to keep looking for a more specific one, e.g. amp before html.
-			// Use both name and extension to prevent
-			// false positives on the form css.html.
-			if pp.IsOutputFormat(sid, p.Ext()) {
-				found = true
-				p.identifiersKnown = append(p.identifiersKnown, id)
-				p.posIdentifierOutputFormat = len(p.identifiersKnown) - 1
-			}
-		}
-
-		if !found && mayHaveKind {
-			if kinds.GetKindMain(sid) != "" {
-				found = true
-				p.identifiersKnown = append(p.identifiersKnown, id)
-				p.posIdentifierKind = len(p.identifiersKnown) - 1
-			}
-		}
-
-		if !found && sid == identifierBaseof {
-			found = true
-			p.identifiersKnown = append(p.identifiersKnown, id)
-			p.posIdentifierBaseof = len(p.identifiersKnown) - 1
-		}
-
-		if !found && mayHaveLayout {
-			p.identifiersKnown = append(p.identifiersKnown, id)
-			p.posIdentifierLayout = len(p.identifiersKnown) - 1
-			found = true
-		}
-
-		if !found {
-			p.identifiersUnknown = append(p.identifiersUnknown, id)
-		}
-
-	}
-}
-
 func (pp *PathParser) doParse(component, s string, p *Path) (*Path, error) {
+	hasLang := pp.LanguageIndex != nil
+	hasLang = hasLang && (component == files.ComponentFolderContent || component == files.ComponentFolderLayouts)
+
 	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
 		s = path.Clean(filepath.ToSlash(s))
 		if s == "." {
@ -237,26 +140,46 @@ func (pp *PathParser) doParse(component, s string, p *Path) (*Path, error) {

 	p.s = s
 	slashCount := 0
-	lastDot := 0
-	lastSlashIdx := strings.LastIndex(s, "/")
-	numDots := strings.Count(s[lastSlashIdx+1:], ".")
-	if strings.Contains(s, "/_shortcodes/") {
-		p.pathType = TypeShortcode
-	}

 	for i := len(s) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
 		c := s[i]

 		switch c {
 		case '.':
-			pp.parseIdentifier(component, s, p, i, lastDot, numDots, false)
-			lastDot = i
+			if p.posContainerHigh == -1 {
+				var high int
+				if len(p.identifiers) > 0 {
+					high = p.identifiers[len(p.identifiers)-1].Low - 1
+				} else {
+					high = len(p.s)
+				}
+				id := types.LowHigh{Low: i + 1, High: high}
+				if len(p.identifiers) == 0 {
+					p.identifiers = append(p.identifiers, id)
+				} else if len(p.identifiers) == 1 {
+					// Check for a valid language.
+					s := p.s[id.Low:id.High]
+
+					if hasLang {
+						var disabled bool
+						_, langFound := pp.LanguageIndex[s]
+						if !langFound {
+							disabled = pp.IsLangDisabled != nil && pp.IsLangDisabled(s)
+							if disabled {
+								p.disabled = true
+								langFound = true
+							}
+						}
+						if langFound {
+							p.posIdentifierLanguage = 1
+							p.identifiers = append(p.identifiers, id)
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			}
 		case '/':
 			slashCount++
 			if p.posContainerHigh == -1 {
-				if lastDot > 0 {
-					pp.parseIdentifier(component, s, p, i, lastDot, numDots, true)
-				}
 				p.posContainerHigh = i + 1
 			} else if p.posContainerLow == -1 {
 				p.posContainerLow = i + 1
@ -267,52 +190,26 @@ func (pp *PathParser) doParse(component, s string, p *Path) (*Path, error) {
 		}
 	}

-	if len(p.identifiersKnown) > 0 {
+	if len(p.identifiers) > 0 {
 		isContentComponent := p.component == files.ComponentFolderContent || p.component == files.ComponentFolderArchetypes
 		isContent := isContentComponent && pp.IsContentExt(p.Ext())
-		id := p.identifiersKnown[len(p.identifiersKnown)-1]
-
-		if id.Low > p.posContainerHigh {
+		id := p.identifiers[len(p.identifiers)-1]
 		b := p.s[p.posContainerHigh : id.Low-1]
 		if isContent {
 			switch b {
 			case "index":
-					p.pathType = TypeLeaf
+				p.bundleType = PathTypeLeaf
 			case "_index":
-					p.pathType = TypeBranch
+				p.bundleType = PathTypeBranch
 			default:
-					p.pathType = TypeContentSingle
+				p.bundleType = PathTypeContentSingle
 			}

 			if slashCount == 2 && p.IsLeafBundle() {
 				p.posSectionHigh = 0
 			}
 		} else if b == files.NameContentData && files.IsContentDataExt(p.Ext()) {
-				p.pathType = TypeContentData
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	if p.pathType < TypeMarkup && component == files.ComponentFolderLayouts {
-		if p.posIdentifierBaseof != -1 {
-			p.pathType = TypeBaseof
-		} else {
-			pth := p.Path()
-			if strings.Contains(pth, "/_shortcodes/") {
-				p.pathType = TypeShortcode
-			} else if strings.Contains(pth, "/_markup/") {
-				p.pathType = TypeMarkup
-			} else if strings.HasPrefix(pth, "/_partials/") {
-				p.pathType = TypePartial
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	if p.pathType == TypeShortcode && p.posIdentifierLayout != -1 {
-		id := p.identifiersKnown[p.posIdentifierLayout]
-		if id.Low == p.posContainerHigh {
-			// First identifier is shortcode name.
-			p.posIdentifierLayout = -1
+			p.bundleType = PathTypeContentData
 		}
 	}

@ -321,44 +218,35 @@ func (pp *PathParser) doParse(component, s string, p *Path) (*Path, error) {

 func ModifyPathBundleTypeResource(p *Path) {
 	if p.IsContent() {
-		p.pathType = TypeContentResource
+		p.bundleType = PathTypeContentResource
 	} else {
-		p.pathType = TypeFile
+		p.bundleType = PathTypeFile
 	}
 }

-//go:generate stringer -type Type
-
-type Type int
+type PathType int

 const (
-
 	// A generic resource, e.g. a JSON file.
-	TypeFile Type = iota
+	PathTypeFile PathType = iota

 	// All below are content files.
 	// A resource of a content type with front matter.
-	TypeContentResource
+	PathTypeContentResource

 	// E.g. /blog/my-post.md
-	TypeContentSingle
+	PathTypeContentSingle

 	// All below are bundled content files.

 	// Leaf bundles, e.g. /blog/my-post/index.md
-	TypeLeaf
+	PathTypeLeaf

 	// Branch bundles, e.g. /blog/_index.md
-	TypeBranch
+	PathTypeBranch

 	// Content data file, _content.gotmpl.
-	TypeContentData
-
-	// Layout types.
-	TypeMarkup
-	TypeShortcode
-	TypePartial
-	TypeBaseof
+	PathTypeContentData
 )

 type Path struct {
@ -370,16 +258,11 @@ type Path struct {
 	posSectionHigh   int

 	component  string
-	pathType  Type
+	bundleType PathType

-	identifiersKnown   []types.LowHigh[string]
-	identifiersUnknown []types.LowHigh[string]
+	identifiers []types.LowHigh

 	posIdentifierLanguage int
-	posIdentifierOutputFormat int
-	posIdentifierKind         int
-	posIdentifierLayout       int
-	posIdentifierBaseof       int
 	disabled              bool

 	trimLeadingSlash bool
@ -410,13 +293,9 @@ func (p *Path) reset() {
 	p.posContainerHigh = -1
 	p.posSectionHigh = -1
 	p.component = ""
-	p.pathType = 0
-	p.identifiersKnown = p.identifiersKnown[:0]
+	p.bundleType = 0
+	p.identifiers = p.identifiers[:0]
 	p.posIdentifierLanguage = -1
-	p.posIdentifierOutputFormat = -1
-	p.posIdentifierKind = -1
-	p.posIdentifierLayout = -1
-	p.posIdentifierBaseof = -1
 	p.disabled = false
 	p.trimLeadingSlash = false
 	p.unnormalized = nil
@ -437,9 +316,6 @@ func (p *Path) norm(s string) string {

 // IdentifierBase satisfies identity.Identity.
 func (p *Path) IdentifierBase() string {
-	if p.Component() == files.ComponentFolderLayouts {
-		return p.Path()
-	}
 	return p.Base()
 }

@ -456,13 +332,6 @@ func (p *Path) Container() string {
 	return p.norm(p.s[p.posContainerLow : p.posContainerHigh-1])
 }

-func (p *Path) String() string {
-	if p == nil {
-		return "<nil>"
-	}
-	return p.Path()
-}
-
 // ContainerDir returns the container directory for this path.
 // For content bundles this will be the parent directory.
 func (p *Path) ContainerDir() string {
@ -483,13 +352,13 @@ func (p *Path) Section() string {
 // IsContent returns true if the path is a content file (e.g. mypost.md).
 // Note that this will also return true for content files in a bundle.
 func (p *Path) IsContent() bool {
-	return p.Type() >= TypeContentResource && p.Type() <= TypeContentData
+	return p.BundleType() >= PathTypeContentResource
 }

 // isContentPage returns true if the path is a content file (e.g. mypost.md),
 // but nof if inside a leaf bundle.
 func (p *Path) isContentPage() bool {
-	return p.Type() >= TypeContentSingle && p.Type() <= TypeContentData
+	return p.BundleType() >= PathTypeContentSingle
 }

 // Name returns the last element of path.
@ -503,7 +372,7 @@ func (p *Path) Name() string {
 // Name returns the last element of path without any extension.
 func (p *Path) NameNoExt() string {
 	if i := p.identifierIndex(0); i != -1 {
-		return p.s[p.posContainerHigh : p.identifiersKnown[i].Low-1]
+		return p.s[p.posContainerHigh : p.identifiers[i].Low-1]
 	}
 	return p.s[p.posContainerHigh:]
 }
@ -515,7 +384,7 @@ func (p *Path) NameNoLang() string {
 		return p.Name()
 	}

-	return p.s[p.posContainerHigh:p.identifiersKnown[i].Low-1] + p.s[p.identifiersKnown[i].High:]
+	return p.s[p.posContainerHigh:p.identifiers[i].Low-1] + p.s[p.identifiers[i].High:]
 }

 // BaseNameNoIdentifier returns the logical base name for a resource without any identifier (e.g. no extension).
@ -529,26 +398,10 @@ func (p *Path) BaseNameNoIdentifier() string {

 // NameNoIdentifier returns the last element of path without any identifier (e.g. no extension).
 func (p *Path) NameNoIdentifier() string {
-	lowHigh := p.nameLowHigh()
-	return p.s[lowHigh.Low:lowHigh.High]
-}
-
-func (p *Path) nameLowHigh() types.LowHigh[string] {
-	if len(p.identifiersKnown) > 0 {
-		lastID := p.identifiersKnown[len(p.identifiersKnown)-1]
-		if p.posContainerHigh == lastID.Low {
-			// The last identifier is the name.
-			return lastID
-		}
-		return types.LowHigh[string]{
-			Low:  p.posContainerHigh,
-			High: p.identifiersKnown[len(p.identifiersKnown)-1].Low - 1,
-		}
-	}
-	return types.LowHigh[string]{
-		Low:  p.posContainerHigh,
-		High: len(p.s),
+	if len(p.identifiers) > 0 {
+		return p.s[p.posContainerHigh : p.identifiers[len(p.identifiers)-1].Low-1]
 	}
+	return p.s[p.posContainerHigh:]
 }

 // Dir returns all but the last element of path, typically the path's directory.
@ -568,11 +421,6 @@ func (p *Path) Path() (d string) {
 	return p.norm(p.s)
 }

-// PathNoLeadingSlash returns the full path without the leading slash.
-func (p *Path) PathNoLeadingSlash() string {
-	return p.Path()[1:]
-}
-
 // Unnormalized returns the Path with the original case preserved.
 func (p *Path) Unnormalized() *Path {
 	return p.unnormalized
@ -588,28 +436,6 @@ func (p *Path) PathNoIdentifier() string {
 	return p.base(false, false)
 }

-// PathBeforeLangAndOutputFormatAndExt returns the path up to the first identifier that is not a language or output format.
-func (p *Path) PathBeforeLangAndOutputFormatAndExt() string {
-	if len(p.identifiersKnown) == 0 {
-		return p.norm(p.s)
-	}
-	i := p.identifierIndex(0)
-
-	if j := p.posIdentifierOutputFormat; i == -1 || (j != -1 && j < i) {
-		i = j
-	}
-	if j := p.posIdentifierLanguage; i == -1 || (j != -1 && j < i) {
-		i = j
-	}
-
-	if i == -1 {
-		return p.norm(p.s)
-	}
-
-	id := p.identifiersKnown[i]
-	return p.norm(p.s[:id.Low-1])
-}
-
 // PathRel returns the path relative to the given owner.
 func (p *Path) PathRel(owner *Path) string {
 	ob := owner.Base()
@ -636,42 +462,26 @@ func (p *Path) Base() string {
 	return p.base(!p.isContentPage(), p.IsBundle())
 }

-// Used in template lookups.
-// For pages with Type set, we treat that as the section.
-func (p *Path) BaseReTyped(typ string) (d string) {
-	base := p.Base()
-	if p.Section() == typ {
-		return base
-	}
-	d = "/" + typ
-	if p.posSectionHigh != -1 {
-		d += base[p.posSectionHigh:]
-	}
-	d = p.norm(d)
-	return
-}
-
 // BaseNoLeadingSlash returns the base path without the leading slash.
 func (p *Path) BaseNoLeadingSlash() string {
 	return p.Base()[1:]
 }

 func (p *Path) base(preserveExt, isBundle bool) string {
-	if len(p.identifiersKnown) == 0 {
+	if len(p.identifiers) == 0 {
 		return p.norm(p.s)
 	}

-	if preserveExt && len(p.identifiersKnown) == 1 {
+	if preserveExt && len(p.identifiers) == 1 {
 		// Preserve extension.
 		return p.norm(p.s)
 	}

-	var high int
+	id := p.identifiers[len(p.identifiers)-1]
+	high := id.Low - 1

 	if isBundle {
 		high = p.posContainerHigh - 1
-	} else {
-		high = p.nameLowHigh().High
 	}

 	if high == 0 {
@ -683,7 +493,7 @@ func (p *Path) base(preserveExt, isBundle bool) string {
 	}

 	// For txt files etc. we want to preserve the extension.
-	id := p.identifiersKnown[0]
+	id = p.identifiers[0]

 	return p.norm(p.s[:high] + p.s[id.Low-1:id.High])
 }
@ -692,20 +502,8 @@ func (p *Path) Ext() string {
 	return p.identifierAsString(0)
 }

-func (p *Path) OutputFormat() string {
-	return p.identifierAsString(p.posIdentifierOutputFormat)
-}
-
-func (p *Path) Kind() string {
-	return p.identifierAsString(p.posIdentifierKind)
-}
-
-func (p *Path) Layout() string {
-	return p.identifierAsString(p.posIdentifierLayout)
-}
-
 func (p *Path) Lang() string {
-	return p.identifierAsString(p.posIdentifierLanguage)
+	return p.identifierAsString(1)
 }

 func (p *Path) Identifier(i int) string {
@ -717,43 +515,35 @@ func (p *Path) Disabled() bool {
 }

 func (p *Path) Identifiers() []string {
-	ids := make([]string, len(p.identifiersKnown))
-	for i, id := range p.identifiersKnown {
+	ids := make([]string, len(p.identifiers))
+	for i, id := range p.identifiers {
 		ids[i] = p.s[id.Low:id.High]
 	}
 	return ids
 }

-func (p *Path) IdentifiersUnknown() []string {
-	ids := make([]string, len(p.identifiersUnknown))
-	for i, id := range p.identifiersUnknown {
-		ids[i] = p.s[id.Low:id.High]
-	}
-	return ids
-}
-
-func (p *Path) Type() Type {
-	return p.pathType
+func (p *Path) BundleType() PathType {
+	return p.bundleType
 }

 func (p *Path) IsBundle() bool {
-	return p.pathType >= TypeLeaf && p.pathType <= TypeContentData
+	return p.bundleType >= PathTypeLeaf
 }

 func (p *Path) IsBranchBundle() bool {
-	return p.pathType == TypeBranch
+	return p.bundleType == PathTypeBranch
 }

 func (p *Path) IsLeafBundle() bool {
-	return p.pathType == TypeLeaf
+	return p.bundleType == PathTypeLeaf
 }

 func (p *Path) IsContentData() bool {
-	return p.pathType == TypeContentData
+	return p.bundleType == PathTypeContentData
 }

-func (p Path) ForType(t Type) *Path {
-	p.pathType = t
+func (p Path) ForBundleType(t PathType) *Path {
+	p.bundleType = t
 	return &p
 }

@ -763,12 +553,12 @@ func (p *Path) identifierAsString(i int) string {
 		return ""
 	}

-	id := p.identifiersKnown[i]
+	id := p.identifiers[i]
 	return p.s[id.Low:id.High]
 }

 func (p *Path) identifierIndex(i int) int {
-	if i < 0 || i >= len(p.identifiersKnown) {
+	if i < 0 || i >= len(p.identifiers) {
 		return -1
 	}
 	return i
--- a/common/paths/pathparser_test.go
+++ b/common/paths/pathparser_test.go
@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ import (
 	"testing"

 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/hugofs/files"
-	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/resources/kinds"

 	qt "github.com/frankban/quicktest"
 )
@ -27,18 +26,10 @@ var testParser = &PathParser{
 	LanguageIndex: map[string]int{
 		"no": 0,
 		"en": 1,
-		"fr": 2,
 	},
 	IsContentExt: func(ext string) bool {
 		return ext == "md"
 	},
-	IsOutputFormat: func(name, ext string) bool {
-		switch name {
-		case "html", "amp", "csv", "rss":
-			return true
-		}
-		return false
-	},
 }

 func TestParse(t *testing.T) {
@ -114,19 +105,17 @@ func TestParse(t *testing.T) {
 			"Basic Markdown file",
 			"/a/b/c.md",
 			func(c *qt.C, p *Path) {
-				c.Assert(p.Ext(), qt.Equals, "md")
-				c.Assert(p.Type(), qt.Equals, TypeContentSingle)
 				c.Assert(p.IsContent(), qt.IsTrue)
 				c.Assert(p.IsLeafBundle(), qt.IsFalse)
 				c.Assert(p.Name(), qt.Equals, "c.md")
 				c.Assert(p.Base(), qt.Equals, "/a/b/c")
-				c.Assert(p.BaseReTyped("foo"), qt.Equals, "/foo/b/c")
 				c.Assert(p.Section(), qt.Equals, "a")
 				c.Assert(p.BaseNameNoIdentifier(), qt.Equals, "c")
 				c.Assert(p.Path(), qt.Equals, "/a/b/c.md")
 				c.Assert(p.Dir(), qt.Equals, "/a/b")
 				c.Assert(p.Container(), qt.Equals, "b")
 				c.Assert(p.ContainerDir(), qt.Equals, "/a/b")
+				c.Assert(p.Ext(), qt.Equals, "md")
 			},
 		},
 		{
@ -141,7 +130,7 @@ func TestParse(t *testing.T) {

 				// Reclassify it as a content resource.
 				ModifyPathBundleTypeResource(p)
-				c.Assert(p.Type(), qt.Equals, TypeContentResource)
+				c.Assert(p.BundleType(), qt.Equals, PathTypeContentResource)
 				c.Assert(p.IsContent(), qt.IsTrue)
 				c.Assert(p.Name(), qt.Equals, "b.md")
 				c.Assert(p.Base(), qt.Equals, "/a/b.md")
@ -174,10 +163,8 @@ func TestParse(t *testing.T) {
 				c.Assert(p.NameNoIdentifier(), qt.Equals, "b.a.b")
 				c.Assert(p.NameNoLang(), qt.Equals, "b.a.b.txt")
 				c.Assert(p.Identifiers(), qt.DeepEquals, []string{"txt", "no"})
-				c.Assert(p.IdentifiersUnknown(), qt.DeepEquals, []string{"b", "a", "b"})
 				c.Assert(p.Base(), qt.Equals, "/a/b.a.b.txt")
 				c.Assert(p.BaseNoLeadingSlash(), qt.Equals, "a/b.a.b.txt")
-				c.Assert(p.Path(), qt.Equals, "/a/b.a.b.no.txt")
 				c.Assert(p.PathNoLang(), qt.Equals, "/a/b.a.b.txt")
 				c.Assert(p.Ext(), qt.Equals, "txt")
 				c.Assert(p.PathNoIdentifier(), qt.Equals, "/a/b.a.b")
@ -187,11 +174,7 @@ func TestParse(t *testing.T) {
 			"Home branch cundle",
 			"/_index.md",
 			func(c *qt.C, p *Path) {
-				c.Assert(p.Identifiers(), qt.DeepEquals, []string{"md"})
-				c.Assert(p.IsBranchBundle(), qt.IsTrue)
-				c.Assert(p.IsBundle(), qt.IsTrue)
 				c.Assert(p.Base(), qt.Equals, "/")
-				c.Assert(p.BaseReTyped("foo"), qt.Equals, "/foo")
 				c.Assert(p.Path(), qt.Equals, "/_index.md")
 				c.Assert(p.Container(), qt.Equals, "")
 				c.Assert(p.ContainerDir(), qt.Equals, "/")
@ -202,14 +185,12 @@ func TestParse(t *testing.T) {
 			"/a/index.md",
 			func(c *qt.C, p *Path) {
 				c.Assert(p.Base(), qt.Equals, "/a")
-				c.Assert(p.BaseReTyped("foo"), qt.Equals, "/foo/a")
 				c.Assert(p.BaseNameNoIdentifier(), qt.Equals, "a")
 				c.Assert(p.Container(), qt.Equals, "a")
 				c.Assert(p.Container(), qt.Equals, "a")
 				c.Assert(p.ContainerDir(), qt.Equals, "")
 				c.Assert(p.Dir(), qt.Equals, "/a")
 				c.Assert(p.Ext(), qt.Equals, "md")
-				c.Assert(p.IdentifiersUnknown(), qt.DeepEquals, []string{"index"})
 				c.Assert(p.Identifiers(), qt.DeepEquals, []string{"md"})
 				c.Assert(p.IsBranchBundle(), qt.IsFalse)
 				c.Assert(p.IsBundle(), qt.IsTrue)
@ -227,7 +208,6 @@ func TestParse(t *testing.T) {
 			func(c *qt.C, p *Path) {
 				c.Assert(p.Base(), qt.Equals, "/a/b")
 				c.Assert(p.BaseNameNoIdentifier(), qt.Equals, "b")
-				c.Assert(p.BaseReTyped("foo"), qt.Equals, "/foo/b")
 				c.Assert(p.Container(), qt.Equals, "b")
 				c.Assert(p.ContainerDir(), qt.Equals, "/a")
 				c.Assert(p.Dir(), qt.Equals, "/a/b")
@ -240,7 +220,6 @@ func TestParse(t *testing.T) {
 				c.Assert(p.NameNoExt(), qt.Equals, "index.no")
 				c.Assert(p.NameNoIdentifier(), qt.Equals, "index")
 				c.Assert(p.NameNoLang(), qt.Equals, "index.md")
-				c.Assert(p.Path(), qt.Equals, "/a/b/index.no.md")
 				c.Assert(p.PathNoLang(), qt.Equals, "/a/b/index.md")
 				c.Assert(p.Section(), qt.Equals, "a")
 			},
@ -376,225 +355,11 @@ func TestParse(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	for _, test := range tests {
 		c.Run(test.name, func(c *qt.C) {
-			if test.name != "Home branch cundle" {
-				// return
-			}
 			test.assert(c, testParser.Parse(files.ComponentFolderContent, test.path))
 		})
 	}
 }

-func TestParseLayouts(t *testing.T) {
-	c := qt.New(t)
-
-	tests := []struct {
-		name   string
-		path   string
-		assert func(c *qt.C, p *Path)
-	}{
-		{
-			"Basic",
-			"/list.html",
-			func(c *qt.C, p *Path) {
-				c.Assert(p.Base(), qt.Equals, "/list.html")
-				c.Assert(p.OutputFormat(), qt.Equals, "html")
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			"Lang",
-			"/list.no.html",
-			func(c *qt.C, p *Path) {
-				c.Assert(p.Identifiers(), qt.DeepEquals, []string{"html", "no", "list"})
-				c.Assert(p.IdentifiersUnknown(), qt.DeepEquals, []string{})
-				c.Assert(p.Base(), qt.Equals, "/list.html")
-				c.Assert(p.Lang(), qt.Equals, "no")
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			"Kind",
-			"/section.no.html",
-			func(c *qt.C, p *Path) {
-				c.Assert(p.Kind(), qt.Equals, kinds.KindSection)
-				c.Assert(p.Identifiers(), qt.DeepEquals, []string{"html", "no", "section"})
-				c.Assert(p.IdentifiersUnknown(), qt.DeepEquals, []string{})
-				c.Assert(p.Base(), qt.Equals, "/section.html")
-				c.Assert(p.Lang(), qt.Equals, "no")
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			"Layout",
-			"/list.section.no.html",
-			func(c *qt.C, p *Path) {
-				c.Assert(p.Layout(), qt.Equals, "list")
-				c.Assert(p.Identifiers(), qt.DeepEquals, []string{"html", "no", "section", "list"})
-				c.Assert(p.IdentifiersUnknown(), qt.DeepEquals, []string{})
-				c.Assert(p.Base(), qt.Equals, "/list.html")
-				c.Assert(p.Lang(), qt.Equals, "no")
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			"Layout multiple",
-			"/mylayout.list.section.no.html",
-			func(c *qt.C, p *Path) {
-				c.Assert(p.Layout(), qt.Equals, "mylayout")
-				c.Assert(p.Identifiers(), qt.DeepEquals, []string{"html", "no", "section", "list", "mylayout"})
-				c.Assert(p.IdentifiersUnknown(), qt.DeepEquals, []string{})
-				c.Assert(p.Base(), qt.Equals, "/mylayout.html")
-				c.Assert(p.Lang(), qt.Equals, "no")
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			"Layout shortcode",
-			"/_shortcodes/myshort.list.no.html",
-			func(c *qt.C, p *Path) {
-				c.Assert(p.Layout(), qt.Equals, "list")
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			"Layout baseof",
-			"/baseof.list.no.html",
-			func(c *qt.C, p *Path) {
-				c.Assert(p.Layout(), qt.Equals, "list")
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			"Lang and output format",
-			"/list.no.amp.not.html",
-			func(c *qt.C, p *Path) {
-				c.Assert(p.Identifiers(), qt.DeepEquals, []string{"html", "not", "amp", "no", "list"})
-				c.Assert(p.OutputFormat(), qt.Equals, "amp")
-				c.Assert(p.Ext(), qt.Equals, "html")
-				c.Assert(p.Lang(), qt.Equals, "no")
-				c.Assert(p.Base(), qt.Equals, "/list.html")
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			"Term",
-			"/term.html",
-			func(c *qt.C, p *Path) {
-				c.Assert(p.Base(), qt.Equals, "/term.html")
-				c.Assert(p.Identifiers(), qt.DeepEquals, []string{"html", "term"})
-				c.Assert(p.PathNoIdentifier(), qt.Equals, "/term")
-				c.Assert(p.PathBeforeLangAndOutputFormatAndExt(), qt.Equals, "/term")
-				c.Assert(p.Lang(), qt.Equals, "")
-				c.Assert(p.Kind(), qt.Equals, "term")
-				c.Assert(p.OutputFormat(), qt.Equals, "html")
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			"Shortcode with layout",
-			"/_shortcodes/myshortcode.list.html",
-			func(c *qt.C, p *Path) {
-				c.Assert(p.Base(), qt.Equals, "/_shortcodes/myshortcode.html")
-				c.Assert(p.Type(), qt.Equals, TypeShortcode)
-				c.Assert(p.Identifiers(), qt.DeepEquals, []string{"html", "list"})
-				c.Assert(p.Layout(), qt.Equals, "list")
-				c.Assert(p.PathNoIdentifier(), qt.Equals, "/_shortcodes/myshortcode")
-				c.Assert(p.PathBeforeLangAndOutputFormatAndExt(), qt.Equals, "/_shortcodes/myshortcode.list")
-				c.Assert(p.Lang(), qt.Equals, "")
-				c.Assert(p.Kind(), qt.Equals, "")
-				c.Assert(p.OutputFormat(), qt.Equals, "html")
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			"Sub dir",
-			"/pages/home.html",
-			func(c *qt.C, p *Path) {
-				c.Assert(p.Identifiers(), qt.DeepEquals, []string{"html", "home"})
-				c.Assert(p.Lang(), qt.Equals, "")
-				c.Assert(p.Kind(), qt.Equals, "home")
-				c.Assert(p.OutputFormat(), qt.Equals, "html")
-				c.Assert(p.Dir(), qt.Equals, "/pages")
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			"Baseof",
-			"/pages/baseof.list.section.fr.amp.html",
-			func(c *qt.C, p *Path) {
-				c.Assert(p.Identifiers(), qt.DeepEquals, []string{"html", "amp", "fr", "section", "list", "baseof"})
-				c.Assert(p.IdentifiersUnknown(), qt.DeepEquals, []string{})
-				c.Assert(p.Kind(), qt.Equals, kinds.KindSection)
-				c.Assert(p.Lang(), qt.Equals, "fr")
-				c.Assert(p.OutputFormat(), qt.Equals, "amp")
-				c.Assert(p.Dir(), qt.Equals, "/pages")
-				c.Assert(p.NameNoIdentifier(), qt.Equals, "baseof")
-				c.Assert(p.Type(), qt.Equals, TypeBaseof)
-				c.Assert(p.IdentifierBase(), qt.Equals, "/pages/baseof.list.section.fr.amp.html")
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			"Markup",
-			"/_markup/render-link.html",
-			func(c *qt.C, p *Path) {
-				c.Assert(p.Type(), qt.Equals, TypeMarkup)
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			"Markup nested",
-			"/foo/_markup/render-link.html",
-			func(c *qt.C, p *Path) {
-				c.Assert(p.Type(), qt.Equals, TypeMarkup)
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			"Shortcode",
-			"/_shortcodes/myshortcode.html",
-			func(c *qt.C, p *Path) {
-				c.Assert(p.Type(), qt.Equals, TypeShortcode)
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			"Shortcode nested",
-			"/foo/_shortcodes/myshortcode.html",
-			func(c *qt.C, p *Path) {
-				c.Assert(p.Type(), qt.Equals, TypeShortcode)
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			"Shortcode nested sub",
-			"/foo/_shortcodes/foo/myshortcode.html",
-			func(c *qt.C, p *Path) {
-				c.Assert(p.Type(), qt.Equals, TypeShortcode)
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			"Partials",
-			"/_partials/foo.bar",
-			func(c *qt.C, p *Path) {
-				c.Assert(p.Type(), qt.Equals, TypePartial)
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			"Shortcode lang in root",
-			"/_shortcodes/no.html",
-			func(c *qt.C, p *Path) {
-				c.Assert(p.Type(), qt.Equals, TypeShortcode)
-				c.Assert(p.Lang(), qt.Equals, "")
-				c.Assert(p.NameNoIdentifier(), qt.Equals, "no")
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			"Shortcode lang layout",
-			"/_shortcodes/myshortcode.no.html",
-			func(c *qt.C, p *Path) {
-				c.Assert(p.Type(), qt.Equals, TypeShortcode)
-				c.Assert(p.Lang(), qt.Equals, "no")
-				c.Assert(p.Layout(), qt.Equals, "")
-				c.Assert(p.NameNoIdentifier(), qt.Equals, "myshortcode")
-			},
-		},
-	}
-
-	for _, test := range tests {
-		c.Run(test.name, func(c *qt.C) {
-			if test.name != "Shortcode lang layout" {
-				// return
-			}
-			test.assert(c, testParser.Parse(files.ComponentFolderLayouts, test.path))
-		})
-	}
-}
-
 func TestHasExt(t *testing.T) {
 	c := qt.New(t)

--- a/common/paths/paths_integration_test.go
+++ b/common/paths/paths_integration_test.go
@ -78,26 +78,3 @@ disablePathToLower = true
 	b.AssertFileContent("public/en/mysection/mybundle/index.html", "en|Single")
 	b.AssertFileContent("public/fr/MySection/MyBundle/index.html", "fr|Single")
 }
-
-func TestIssue13596(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	files := `
-- hugo.toml --
-disableKinds = ['home','rss','section','sitemap','taxonomy','term']
-- content/p1/index.md --
---
-title: p1
---
-- content/p1/a.1.txt --
-- content/p1/a.2.txt --
-- layouts/all.html --
-{{ range .Resources.Match "*" }}{{ .Name }}|{{ end }}
-`
-
-	b := hugolib.Test(t, files)
-
-	b.AssertFileContent("public/p1/index.html", "a.1.txt|a.2.txt|")
-	b.AssertFileExists("public/p1/a.1.txt", true)
-	b.AssertFileExists("public/p1/a.2.txt", true) // fails
-}
--- a/common/paths/pathtype_string.go
+++ b/common/paths/pathtype_string.go
@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+// Code generated by "stringer -type=PathType"; DO NOT EDIT.
+
+package paths
+
+import "strconv"
+
+func _() {
+	// An "invalid array index" compiler error signifies that the constant values have changed.
+	// Re-run the stringer command to generate them again.
+	var x [1]struct{}
+	_ = x[PathTypeFile-0]
+	_ = x[PathTypeContentResource-1]
+	_ = x[PathTypeContentSingle-2]
+	_ = x[PathTypeLeaf-3]
+	_ = x[PathTypeBranch-4]
+}
+
+const _PathType_name = "PathTypeFilePathTypeContentResourcePathTypeContentSinglePathTypeLeafPathTypeBranch"
+
+var _PathType_index = [...]uint8{0, 12, 35, 56, 68, 82}
+
+func (i PathType) String() string {
+	if i < 0 || i >= PathType(len(_PathType_index)-1) {
+		return "PathType(" + strconv.FormatInt(int64(i), 10) + ")"
+	}
+	return _PathType_name[_PathType_index[i]:_PathType_index[i+1]]
+}
--- a/common/paths/type_string.go
+++ b/common/paths/type_string.go
@ -1,32 +0,0 @@
-// Code generated by "stringer -type Type"; DO NOT EDIT.
-
-package paths
-
-import "strconv"
-
-func _() {
-	// An "invalid array index" compiler error signifies that the constant values have changed.
-	// Re-run the stringer command to generate them again.
-	var x [1]struct{}
-	_ = x[TypeFile-0]
-	_ = x[TypeContentResource-1]
-	_ = x[TypeContentSingle-2]
-	_ = x[TypeLeaf-3]
-	_ = x[TypeBranch-4]
-	_ = x[TypeContentData-5]
-	_ = x[TypeMarkup-6]
-	_ = x[TypeShortcode-7]
-	_ = x[TypePartial-8]
-	_ = x[TypeBaseof-9]
-}
-
-const _Type_name = "TypeFileTypeContentResourceTypeContentSingleTypeLeafTypeBranchTypeContentDataTypeMarkupTypeShortcodeTypePartialTypeBaseof"
-
-var _Type_index = [...]uint8{0, 8, 27, 44, 52, 62, 77, 87, 100, 111, 121}
-
-func (i Type) String() string {
-	if i < 0 || i >= Type(len(_Type_index)-1) {
-		return "Type(" + strconv.FormatInt(int64(i), 10) + ")"
-	}
-	return _Type_name[_Type_index[i]:_Type_index[i+1]]
-}
--- a/common/paths/url.go
+++ b/common/paths/url.go
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright 2024 The Hugo Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Copyright 2021 The Hugo Authors. All rights reserved.
 //
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ import (
 	"net/url"
 	"path"
 	"path/filepath"
-	"runtime"
 	"strings"
 )

@ -160,77 +159,9 @@ func Uglify(in string) string {
 	return path.Clean(in)
 }

-// URLEscape escapes unicode letters.
-func URLEscape(uri string) string {
-	// escape unicode letters
-	u, err := url.Parse(uri)
-	if err != nil {
-		panic(err)
-	}
-	return u.String()
-}
-
-// TrimExt trims the extension from a path..
-func TrimExt(in string) string {
-	return strings.TrimSuffix(in, path.Ext(in))
-}
-
-// From https://github.com/golang/go/blob/e0c76d95abfc1621259864adb3d101cf6f1f90fc/src/cmd/go/internal/web/url.go#L45
-func UrlFromFilename(filename string) (*url.URL, error) {
-	if !filepath.IsAbs(filename) {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("filepath must be absolute")
-	}
-
-	// If filename has a Windows volume name, convert the volume to a host and prefix
-	// per https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/ie/2006/12/06/file-uris-in-windows/.
-	if vol := filepath.VolumeName(filename); vol != "" {
-		if strings.HasPrefix(vol, `\\`) {
-			filename = filepath.ToSlash(filename[2:])
-			i := strings.IndexByte(filename, '/')
-
-			if i < 0 {
-				// A degenerate case.
-				// \\host.example.com (without a share name)
-				// becomes
-				// file://host.example.com/
-				return &url.URL{
-					Scheme: "file",
-					Host:   filename,
-					Path:   "/",
-				}, nil
-			}
-
-			// \\host.example.com\Share\path\to\file
-			// becomes
-			// file://host.example.com/Share/path/to/file
-			return &url.URL{
-				Scheme: "file",
-				Host:   filename[:i],
-				Path:   filepath.ToSlash(filename[i:]),
-			}, nil
-		}
-
-		// C:\path\to\file
-		// becomes
-		// file:///C:/path/to/file
-		return &url.URL{
-			Scheme: "file",
-			Path:   "/" + filepath.ToSlash(filename),
-		}, nil
-	}
-
-	// /path/to/file
-	// becomes
-	// file:///path/to/file
-	return &url.URL{
-		Scheme: "file",
-		Path:   filepath.ToSlash(filename),
-	}, nil
-}
-
-// UrlStringToFilename converts the URL s to a filename.
+// UrlToFilename converts the URL s to a filename.
 // If ParseRequestURI fails, the input is just converted to OS specific slashes and returned.
-func UrlStringToFilename(s string) (string, bool) {
+func UrlToFilename(s string) (string, bool) {
 	u, err := url.ParseRequestURI(s)
 	if err != nil {
 		return filepath.FromSlash(s), false
@ -240,34 +171,25 @@ func UrlStringToFilename(s string) (string, bool) {

 	if p == "" {
 		p, _ = url.QueryUnescape(u.Opaque)
-		return filepath.FromSlash(p), false
-	}
-
-	if runtime.GOOS != "windows" {
-		return p, true
-	}
-
-	if len(p) == 0 || p[0] != '/' {
-		return filepath.FromSlash(p), false
+		return filepath.FromSlash(p), true
 	}

 	p = filepath.FromSlash(p)

-	if len(u.Host) == 1 {
-		// file://c/Users/...
-		return strings.ToUpper(u.Host) + ":" + p, true
+	if u.Host != "" {
+		// C:\data\file.txt
+		p = strings.ToUpper(u.Host) + ":" + p
 	}

-	if u.Host != "" && u.Host != "localhost" {
-		if filepath.VolumeName(u.Host) != "" {
-			return "", false
-		}
-		return `\\` + u.Host + p, true
-	}
-
-	if vol := filepath.VolumeName(p[1:]); vol == "" || strings.HasPrefix(vol, `\\`) {
-		return "", false
-	}
-
-	return p[1:], true
+	return p, true
+}
+
+// URLEscape escapes unicode letters.
+func URLEscape(uri string) string {
+	// escape unicode letters
+	u, err := url.Parse(uri)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	return u.String()
 }
--- a/common/predicate/predicate.go
+++ b/common/predicate/predicate.go
@ -24,9 +24,6 @@ func (p P[T]) And(ps ...P[T]) P[T] {
 				return false
 			}
 		}
-		if p == nil {
-			return true
-		}
 		return p(v)
 	}
 }
@ -39,9 +36,6 @@ func (p P[T]) Or(ps ...P[T]) P[T] {
 				return true
 			}
 		}
-		if p == nil {
-			return false
-		}
 		return p(v)
 	}
 }
--- a/common/rungroup/rungroup.go
+++ b/common/rungroup/rungroup.go
@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ func Run[T any](ctx context.Context, cfg Config[T]) Group[T] {
 	// Buffered for performance.
 	ch := make(chan T, cfg.NumWorkers)

-	for range cfg.NumWorkers {
+	for i := 0; i < cfg.NumWorkers; i++ {
 		g.Go(func() error {
 			for {
 				select {
--- a/common/tasks/tasks.go
+++ b/common/tasks/tasks.go
@ -1,150 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2024 The Hugo Authors. All rights reserved.
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-package tasks
-
-import (
-	"sync"
-	"time"
-)
-
-// RunEvery runs a function at intervals defined by the function itself.
-// Functions can be added and removed while running.
-type RunEvery struct {
-	// Any error returned from the function will be passed to this function.
-	HandleError func(string, error)
-
-	// If set, the function will be run immediately.
-	RunImmediately bool
-
-	// The named functions to run.
-	funcs map[string]*Func
-
-	mu      sync.Mutex
-	started bool
-	closed  bool
-	quit    chan struct{}
-}
-
-type Func struct {
-	// The shortest interval between each run.
-	IntervalLow time.Duration
-
-	// The longest interval between each run.
-	IntervalHigh time.Duration
-
-	// The function to run.
-	F func(interval time.Duration) (time.Duration, error)
-
-	interval time.Duration
-	last     time.Time
-}
-
-func (r *RunEvery) Start() error {
-	if r.started {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	r.started = true
-	r.quit = make(chan struct{})
-
-	go func() {
-		if r.RunImmediately {
-			r.run()
-		}
-		ticker := time.NewTicker(500 * time.Millisecond)
-		defer ticker.Stop()
-		for {
-			select {
-			case <-r.quit:
-				return
-			case <-ticker.C:
-				r.run()
-			}
-		}
-	}()
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// Close stops the RunEvery from running.
-func (r *RunEvery) Close() error {
-	if r.closed {
-		return nil
-	}
-	r.closed = true
-	if r.quit != nil {
-		close(r.quit)
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-// Add adds a function to the RunEvery.
-func (r *RunEvery) Add(name string, f Func) {
-	r.mu.Lock()
-	defer r.mu.Unlock()
-	if r.funcs == nil {
-		r.funcs = make(map[string]*Func)
-	}
-	if f.IntervalLow == 0 {
-		f.IntervalLow = 500 * time.Millisecond
-	}
-	if f.IntervalHigh <= f.IntervalLow {
-		f.IntervalHigh = 20 * time.Second
-	}
-
-	start := max(f.IntervalHigh/3, f.IntervalLow)
-	f.interval = start
-	f.last = time.Now()
-
-	r.funcs[name] = &f
-}
-
-// Remove removes a function from the RunEvery.
-func (r *RunEvery) Remove(name string) {
-	r.mu.Lock()
-	defer r.mu.Unlock()
-	delete(r.funcs, name)
-}
-
-// Has returns whether the RunEvery has a function with the given name.
-func (r *RunEvery) Has(name string) bool {
-	r.mu.Lock()
-	defer r.mu.Unlock()
-	_, found := r.funcs[name]
-	return found
-}
-
-func (r *RunEvery) run() {
-	r.mu.Lock()
-	defer r.mu.Unlock()
-	for name, f := range r.funcs {
-		if time.Now().Before(f.last.Add(f.interval)) {
-			continue
-		}
-		f.last = time.Now()
-		interval, err := f.F(f.interval)
-		if err != nil && r.HandleError != nil {
-			r.HandleError(name, err)
-		}
-
-		if interval < f.IntervalLow {
-			interval = f.IntervalLow
-		}
-
-		if interval > f.IntervalHigh {
-			interval = f.IntervalHigh
-		}
-		f.interval = interval
-	}
-}
--- a/common/terminal/colors.go
+++ b/common/terminal/colors.go
@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ package terminal
 import (
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
+	"runtime"
 	"strings"

 	isatty "github.com/mattn/go-isatty"
@ -40,6 +41,10 @@ func PrintANSIColors(f *os.File) bool {
 // IsTerminal return true if the file descriptor is terminal and the TERM
 // environment variable isn't a dumb one.
 func IsTerminal(f *os.File) bool {
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		return false
+	}
+
 	fd := f.Fd()
 	return os.Getenv("TERM") != "dumb" && (isatty.IsTerminal(fd) || isatty.IsCygwinTerminal(fd))
 }
--- a/common/types/closer.go
+++ b/common/types/closer.go
@ -1,54 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2024 The Hugo Authors. All rights reserved.
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-package types
-
-import "sync"
-
-type Closer interface {
-	Close() error
-}
-
-// CloserFunc is a convenience type to create a Closer from a function.
-type CloserFunc func() error
-
-func (f CloserFunc) Close() error {
-	return f()
-}
-
-type CloseAdder interface {
-	Add(Closer)
-}
-
-type Closers struct {
-	mu sync.Mutex
-	cs []Closer
-}
-
-func (cs *Closers) Add(c Closer) {
-	cs.mu.Lock()
-	defer cs.mu.Unlock()
-	cs.cs = append(cs.cs, c)
-}
-
-func (cs *Closers) Close() error {
-	cs.mu.Lock()
-	defer cs.mu.Unlock()
-	for _, c := range cs.cs {
-		c.Close()
-	}
-
-	cs.cs = cs.cs[:0]
-
-	return nil
-}
--- a/common/types/convert.go
+++ b/common/types/convert.go
@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ func ToStringSlicePreserveStringE(v any) ([]string, error) {
 	switch vv.Kind() {
 	case reflect.Slice, reflect.Array:
 		result = make([]string, vv.Len())
-		for i := range vv.Len() {
+		for i := 0; i < vv.Len(); i++ {
 			s, err := cast.ToStringE(vv.Index(i).Interface())
 			if err != nil {
 				return nil, err
--- a/common/types/evictingqueue.go
+++ b/common/types/evictingqueue.go
@ -15,28 +15,27 @@
 package types

 import (
-	"slices"
 	"sync"
 )

-// EvictingQueue is a queue which automatically evicts elements from the head of
+// EvictingStringQueue is a queue which automatically evicts elements from the head of
 // the queue when attempting to add new elements onto the queue and it is full.
 // This queue orders elements LIFO (last-in-first-out). It throws away duplicates.
-type EvictingQueue[T comparable] struct {
+// Note: This queue currently does not contain any remove (poll etc.) methods.
+type EvictingStringQueue struct {
 	size int
-	vals []T
-	set  map[T]bool
+	vals []string
+	set  map[string]bool
 	mu   sync.Mutex
-	zero T
 }

-// NewEvictingQueue creates a new queue with the given size.
-func NewEvictingQueue[T comparable](size int) *EvictingQueue[T] {
-	return &EvictingQueue[T]{size: size, set: make(map[T]bool)}
+// NewEvictingStringQueue creates a new queue with the given size.
+func NewEvictingStringQueue(size int) *EvictingStringQueue {
+	return &EvictingStringQueue{size: size, set: make(map[string]bool)}
 }

 // Add adds a new string to the tail of the queue if it's not already there.
-func (q *EvictingQueue[T]) Add(v T) *EvictingQueue[T] {
+func (q *EvictingStringQueue) Add(v string) *EvictingStringQueue {
 	q.mu.Lock()
 	if q.set[v] {
 		q.mu.Unlock()
@ -46,7 +45,7 @@ func (q *EvictingQueue[T]) Add(v T) *EvictingQueue[T] {
 	if len(q.set) == q.size {
 		// Full
 		delete(q.set, q.vals[0])
-		q.vals = slices.Delete(q.vals, 0, 1)
+		q.vals = append(q.vals[:0], q.vals[1:]...)
 	}
 	q.set[v] = true
 	q.vals = append(q.vals, v)
@ -55,7 +54,7 @@ func (q *EvictingQueue[T]) Add(v T) *EvictingQueue[T] {
 	return q
 }

-func (q *EvictingQueue[T]) Len() int {
+func (q *EvictingStringQueue) Len() int {
 	if q == nil {
 		return 0
 	}
@ -65,22 +64,19 @@ func (q *EvictingQueue[T]) Len() int {
 }

 // Contains returns whether the queue contains v.
-func (q *EvictingQueue[T]) Contains(v T) bool {
-	if q == nil {
-		return false
-	}
+func (q *EvictingStringQueue) Contains(v string) bool {
 	q.mu.Lock()
 	defer q.mu.Unlock()
 	return q.set[v]
 }

 // Peek looks at the last element added to the queue.
-func (q *EvictingQueue[T]) Peek() T {
+func (q *EvictingStringQueue) Peek() string {
 	q.mu.Lock()
 	l := len(q.vals)
 	if l == 0 {
 		q.mu.Unlock()
-		return q.zero
+		return ""
 	}
 	elem := q.vals[l-1]
 	q.mu.Unlock()
@ -88,12 +84,9 @@ func (q *EvictingQueue[T]) Peek() T {
 }

 // PeekAll looks at all the elements in the queue, with the newest first.
-func (q *EvictingQueue[T]) PeekAll() []T {
-	if q == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
+func (q *EvictingStringQueue) PeekAll() []string {
 	q.mu.Lock()
-	vals := make([]T, len(q.vals))
+	vals := make([]string, len(q.vals))
 	copy(vals, q.vals)
 	q.mu.Unlock()
 	for i, j := 0, len(vals)-1; i < j; i, j = i+1, j-1 {
@ -103,9 +96,9 @@ func (q *EvictingQueue[T]) PeekAll() []T {
 }

 // PeekAllSet returns PeekAll as a set.
-func (q *EvictingQueue[T]) PeekAllSet() map[T]bool {
+func (q *EvictingStringQueue) PeekAllSet() map[string]bool {
 	all := q.PeekAll()
-	set := make(map[T]bool)
+	set := make(map[string]bool)
 	for _, v := range all {
 		set[v] = true
 	}
--- a/common/types/evictingqueue_test.go
+++ b/common/types/evictingqueue_test.go
@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ import (
 func TestEvictingStringQueue(t *testing.T) {
 	c := qt.New(t)

-	queue := NewEvictingQueue[string](3)
+	queue := NewEvictingStringQueue(3)

 	c.Assert(queue.Peek(), qt.Equals, "")
 	queue.Add("a")
@ -53,9 +53,9 @@ func TestEvictingStringQueueConcurrent(t *testing.T) {
 	var wg sync.WaitGroup
 	val := "someval"

-	queue := NewEvictingQueue[string](3)
+	queue := NewEvictingStringQueue(3)

-	for range 100 {
+	for j := 0; j < 100; j++ {
 		wg.Add(1)
 		go func() {
 			defer wg.Done()
--- a/common/types/hstring/stringtypes.go
+++ b/common/types/hstring/stringtypes.go
@ -13,24 +13,8 @@

 package hstring

-import (
-	"html/template"
+type RenderedString string

-	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/common/types"
-)
-
-var _ types.PrintableValueProvider = HTML("")
-
-// HTML is a string that represents rendered HTML.
-// When printed in templates it will be rendered as template.HTML and considered safe so no need to pipe it into `safeHTML`.
-// This type was introduced as a wasy to prevent a common case of inifinite recursion in the template rendering
-// when the `linkify` option is enabled with a common (wrong) construct like `{{ .Text | .Page.RenderString }}` in a hook template.
-type HTML string
-
-func (s HTML) String() string {
+func (s RenderedString) String() string {
 	return string(s)
 }
-
-func (s HTML) PrintableValue() any {
-	return template.HTML(s)
-}
--- a/common/types/hstring/stringtypes_test.go
+++ b/common/types/hstring/stringtypes_test.go
@ -25,6 +25,6 @@ func TestRenderedString(t *testing.T) {
 	c := qt.New(t)

 	// Validate that it will behave like a string in Hugo settings.
-	c.Assert(cast.ToString(HTML("Hugo")), qt.Equals, "Hugo")
-	c.Assert(template.HTML(HTML("Hugo")), qt.Equals, template.HTML("Hugo"))
+	c.Assert(cast.ToString(RenderedString("Hugo")), qt.Equals, "Hugo")
+	c.Assert(template.HTML(RenderedString("Hugo")), qt.Equals, template.HTML("Hugo"))
 }
--- a/common/types/types.go
+++ b/common/types/types.go
@ -28,16 +28,6 @@ type RLocker interface {
 	RUnlock()
 }

-type Locker interface {
-	Lock()
-	Unlock()
-}
-
-type RWLocker interface {
-	RLocker
-	Locker
-}
-
 // KeyValue is a interface{} tuple.
 type KeyValue struct {
 	Key   any
@ -69,7 +59,7 @@ func (k KeyValues) String() string {
 // KeyValues struct.
 func NewKeyValuesStrings(key string, values ...string) KeyValues {
 	iv := make([]any, len(values))
-	for i := range values {
+	for i := 0; i < len(values); i++ {
 		iv[i] = values[i]
 	}
 	return KeyValues{Key: key, Values: iv}
@ -117,20 +107,12 @@ func Unwrapv(v any) any {
 	return v
 }

-// LowHigh represents a byte or slice boundary.
-type LowHigh[S ~[]byte | string] struct {
+// LowHigh is typically used to represent a slice boundary.
+type LowHigh struct {
 	Low  int
 	High int
 }

-func (l LowHigh[S]) IsZero() bool {
-	return l.Low < 0 || (l.Low == 0 && l.High == 0)
-}
-
-func (l LowHigh[S]) Value(source S) S {
-	return source[l.Low:l.High]
-}
-
 // This is only used for debugging purposes.
 var InvocationCounter atomic.Int64

@ -138,8 +120,3 @@ var InvocationCounter atomic.Int64
 func NewBool(b bool) *bool {
 	return &b
 }
-
-// PrintableValueProvider is implemented by types that can provide a printable value.
-type PrintableValueProvider interface {
-	PrintableValue() any
-}
--- a/Show more
+++ b/Show more
				`@ -0,0 +1 @@`
				`gobench -package=./hugolib -bench="BenchmarkSiteNew/Deep_content_tree"`
				`@ -0,0 +1 @@`
				`docker run --rm --mount type=bind,source="$(pwd)",target=/hugo -w /hugo -i -t bepsays/ci-goreleaser:1.11-2 /bin/bash`